First English Settlements

1. First English Settlements AGRARIAN LIFE

2. Key Concept Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures, and the varied North American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and American Indians for resources.

3. Objective In the 17th C, early British colonies developed along the Atlantic coast, with regional differences that reflected various environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors. What are the differences between New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies?

4. Why move to the colonies? • Pull • Freedom (religious and political) • New life • Jobs • Land • Resources Push Land scarcity Religious or Political Persecution Revolution Poverty Weather

5. England plans colonies • Starts on the East coast and moves inland • merchants supported plan for colonies • charter- written contract giving certain rights to persons or groups

6. The Lost Colony of Roanoke (NC) 1585-1590 115 Colonists landed, sent Governor back to England for supplies, came back??? “Croaton” carved on a tree – Native American village, killed? Went back to sea – murdered by Spanish Armada?

7. Jamestownhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ne2tzfxQ6T4 • founded in 1607 • 1st successful English colony • charter from the Virginia Company • hoped to make money/profits

9. Difficult at first because… • swampy land • poor water • Natives • Small pox epidemic • greed for gold • low on food (2/3 starved) • no trade • cold winter

10. Jamestown succeeds • adapted to land • tobacco brought in money (1616) • Labor-intensive product, initially cultivated by white, mostly male indentured servants • 1619: brought slaves to help work • House of Burgesses (Representatives) established in 1619

12. House of Burgesses • first representative assembly in America • elected reps met once a year to make laws

13. Plymouth *Separatists • 1620 Cape Cod, Massachusetts • Puritans wanted to escape religious persecution in England and worship as they pleased (Pilgrims)

14. Mayflower • ship that brought them to America

15. Mayflower Compact • document signed aboard the Mayflower to ensure order in the colonies

17. Difficult at first because… • starving • disease • Natives • no trade, originally • women were chattel

18. Plymouth succeedshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lslqtUMwDxA • Developed around small towns with family farms • Native Americans help them to raise crops • Squanto & Massasoit (Wampanoags) • First Thanksgiving • land ownership • fishing/whaling, and hunting

19. Metacom’s War, aka King Philip’s War 1675-78 Wampanoag Chief, Metacomet/Phillip (son of Massasoit) led united Indian rebellion against incoming Puritans in New England taking more land Was found and killed by colonial militia

20. PAUSE Draw 2 illustrations. One representing Jamestown and the other Plymouth.

21. Famous People of the English American Colonies • Captain John Smith– established 1st permanent colony in Jamestown, VA; saved the colony with work and order • befriended Pocahontas & Powhatan Chief • She marries John Rolfe (brought tobacco)

22. Famous People of the English American Colonies • William Penn– Quaker; founded Pennsylvania; pacifism (peace) 1681 • Roger Williams– created Rhode Island colony; practiced religious tolerance & dealing fair with Natives, slavery illegal; Religious Leader 1636 • Anne Hutchinson– pioneer settler of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, & New Netherlands; because she believed you could directly talk to God, they banned her from the colony; Religious Leader; challenge authority – DISSENTER) 1638 • John Winthrop– led Puritans to the New World, joined Massachusetts Bay Colony (Boston); Religious Leader; “City on a Hill” 1630 • Nathaniel Bacon (“Man of the People”_ – poor led a rebellion against VA Governor & wealthy, fought over not being able to settle Native land, pushed Natives west, Natives retaliated, VA govt did not support colonists, Bacon died of dysentery, insurrection over

24. People in the New Worldhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ll7_0dPzGiE • Property Owners – well off; men given property by the governor (person in charge of the colony) • Protestants – protested traditional Catholicism and even the Church of England • Catholics – Cavaliers (supporters of King Charles) settled the Virginia colonies during English Civil War • African Americans – slaves; 1st brought here by the Dutch • women – inferior; were not men’s equal • Native Americans – “savages”; not real people • Indentured Servants– in exchange for being brought to the new world, a person would work their fee off (approximately 5 years); not permanent slaves

26. Differences between NE, M, S New England Middle Craftsmen, trade, wheat, corn, cattle, Quakers – cereal crops, greater cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity/tolerance • Town hall meetings, Puritans, craftsmen (ship builders), triangle trade, small farms/agriculture, commerce = ocean products South • Slaves, Plantations (cash crops) – long growing seasons, Catholics/Cavaliers, Tobacco Lax attention by the British led to the colonies creating self-governing institutions that were unusually democratic for the era

30. Events that impacted the colonies Half-way Covenant 1662 – 1st steps towards tolerance in New England Navigation Act 1663, 1673 – trade between England and colonies must be on English vessels New Netherlands becomes New York 1664 – from Dutch to English Maryland requires lifelong servitude for black slaves 1664 Treaty of Westminster 1674 – Anglo-Dutch War Bacon’s Rebellion 1675 - armed colonial rebellion against VA Gov. for not protecting frontier settlements from Native attack, killed Natives, burned Jamestown, Bacon died of dysentery, rebellion over, eliminated indentured servitude (did not want slaves and poor whites uniting together against aristocracy)

31. Events that impacted the colonies • King James II takes over Britain 1685 – last Roman Catholic monarch • Edict of Nantes revoked 1685 (French law tolerating Protestants)  Protestants (Huguenots) emigrated to America • New England Governor Andros jailed by rebellious colonists in Boston 1689 for restricting rights/freedoms of colonists (land, trade), then went to England for trial, then acquitted, became Governor in VA & MD • King William’s War begins 1690, ends 1695 with Treaty of Ryswick • Fighting between New England & New France over land • Salem Witch Trials 1692 – 200 people accused, 20 killed for witchcraft

32. PAUSE Draw 3 illustrations (1 for each colony) depicting New England, Middle, and Southern colonies.

33. SUMMARY • QUIZ TIME

34. 1. What was the 1st successful colony in the English New World?

35. 2. What was the 1st representative legislative assembly in America called?

36. 3. Why was the Virginia Charter established to come to Jamestown?

37. 4. What colonist was banned because she believed she could talk to God directly?

38. 5. Which group of people signed a contract to work in exchange for a ticket to the new world?