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World Regional Geography March 10, 2010

World Regional Geography March 10, 2010. Reading : Marston Chapter 6 pages 272-283, 286-300 306-319 (beginning with Rural Poverty) Goode’s World Atlas pages 67-69, 88-89 Next Week: Map Quiz #3 North America. USA & Southern Canada from space at night. Canada: Political Map.

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World Regional Geography March 10, 2010

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  1. World Regional Geography March 10, 2010 Reading: Marston Chapter 6 pages 272-283, 286-300 306-319 (beginning with Rural Poverty) Goode’s World Atlas pages 67-69, 88-89 Next Week: Map Quiz #3 North America USA & Southern Canada from space at night

  2. Canada: Political Map

  3. Historical Notes: US & Canada • Different paths to independence • Similar settlement patterns • East-to-West • Canadian expansion inhibited by Canadian Shield • Plains & Mountain regions initially by-passed • Industrialization • Northeast US • Limited in Canada • Urbanization • Similar to industrialization pattern in US • Canadian core • North / South variations

  4. Culture: US & Canada • Immigrant Nations • Wide variety of cultural influences • Mixing of musical and artistic styles • Ethnic enclaves • World-wide connectivity • Export of America • Import and inclusion of foreign culture • Sports • Export or American/Canadian sports • Import of foreign players

  5. Economies: US & Canada • United States: world’s largest economy • Canada: 9th largest economy Measured by Gross National Product (GNP), the value of all goods and services produced by countries citizens/companies, regardless of location. • Sectoral Shifts • Regional Variations • Inequality

  6. Canadian Economy • Staples economy • Early dependence on resource extraction • Lack of large industrial sector • Shift to services • Regional Variations • Atlantic provinces • Quebec/Ontario • Prairies • British Columbia

  7. American Economy • Three major shifts • Agriculture • Industrialization • Services & the New Economy

  8. American Economy • Regional Variations • Northeast • Upper Midwest (“Rust-Belt”) • South & Southwest (“Sun-Belt”) • Great Plains • Mountain West • West Coast

  9. “Rich getting richer and poor getting poorer” US Poverty Rate: 13.2% 39.1 million people Child poverty rate: 17% 58% of Americans will spend at least 1-year in poverty Why? Low government benefits Stagnation of lower income wages Wealth & Inequality

  10. Wealth & Inequality • Rural vs. Urban Poverty

  11. Wealth & Inequality • 40% will experience poverty

  12. $34,987 $16,036 $74,346 $43,670 $31,781 $77,519 Geographic Disparities

  13. Migration Any permanent change in residence involving the detachment from daily activities at one place and the engagement in daily activities at another. Who is a migrant? • Migrant or mover? • Mobility or migration? • Temporary / Seasonal workers • Commuters • What is permanent?

  14. Types of Migration • Internal • International In both cases, migration is a significant contributor to the demographic transition. • Internal migrants are in-migrants and out-migrants. • International migrants are immigrants and emigrants.

  15. Types of International Migrants • Legal • Illegal • Refugee • Asylee

  16. Why do People Migrate? • Pull factors: characteristics of the receiving region that draw migrants • Push factors: characteristics of the sending region that drive out-migrants The Migration Decision: A Social Science Model • Benefits (B) • Push & pull factors • Costs (C) • Distance • Social changes If B > C, then a migration occurs

  17. Age Schedule of Migration Female • Age Schedule Male Who Migrates?

  18. Who Migrates? • Variations in schedules • Rural / Urban • Labor / Family

  19. Immigration to the United States Three Major Waves • 1820-1870 • 1870-1920 • 1970-Present

  20. Immigration to Canada • Early Immigration (Pre-1750) • Largely French • Post-1750 • Similar to US patterns • Significant increase in British and Irish • 1810 - British restrict American immigration to Canada • Present Day • Asians account for 50% of immigrants • Hong Kong – Vancouver • 10% of Canadians speak a language other than English or French.

  21. Internal Migration: US & Canada • US: Four Major Shifts • Rural-to-urban • East-to-West • South-to-North • Urban-to-Suburban Another shift?? • Northeast & Midwest to the Sun-belt • Canada: Two Shifts • Rural-to-urban • East-to-West

  22. Internal Migration: US

  23. Assimilation vs. Multiculturalism • US Model: Assimilation • The “Melting Pot” • A mixture of many cultures fusing into one unique American culture. • Canadian Model: Multiculturalism • Right to retain individual cultures • Languages • Peaceful coexistence

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