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Multiplexing

Multiplexing. CSE 3213. Frequency Division Multiplexing. Time Division Multiplexing. Space Division Multiplexing. Digital Data, Analog Signals (5.2). CSE 3213. Digital Data, Analog Signal. main use is public telephone system has frequency range of 300Hz to 3400Hz

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Multiplexing

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  1. Multiplexing CSE 3213

  2. Frequency Division Multiplexing

  3. Time Division Multiplexing

  4. Space Division Multiplexing

  5. Digital Data, Analog Signals (5.2) CSE 3213

  6. Digital Data, Analog Signal • main use is public telephone system • has frequency range of 300Hz to 3400Hz • uses modem (modulator-demodulator)

  7. Modulation Techniques

  8. Amplitude Shift Keying • Values represented by different amplitudes of carrier • Usually, one amplitude is zero • i.e. presence and absence of carrier is used • Susceptible to sudden gain changes • Inefficient • Used for voice grade lines (up to 1,200 bps) • Used over optical fiber (e.g., 1 = light pulse; 0 = no light)

  9. Binary Frequency Shift Keying • Most common form is binary FSK (BFSK) • Two binary values represented by two different frequencies (near carrier) • Less susceptible to error than ASK • Used for • Up to 1,200 bps on voice grade lines • High frequency radio (3-30 MHz) • Even higher frequency on LANs using coaxial cable

  10. Multiple FSK • each signalling element represents more than one bit • more than two frequencies used • more bandwidth efficient • more prone to error

  11. FSK on Voice-Grade Line

  12. Phase Shift Keying • Phase of carrier signal is shifted to represent data • Binary PSK • Two phases represent two binary digits • Differential PSK • Phase shifted relative to previous transmission rather than some reference signal • Binary 0: same phase as previous signal burst • Binary 1: opposite phase to previous signal burst

  13. Differential PSK

  14. Quadrature PSK • More efficient: each signal element representing more than one bit • QPSK: each element represents two bits

  15. PSK Combined with ASK • 9600 bps modem use 12 angles, four of which have two amplitudes

  16. Performance of Digital to Analog Modulation Schemes

  17. Performance of Digital to Analog Modulation Schemes Transmission bandwidth: ASK and PSK bandwidth directly related to bit rate FSK bandwidth related to data rate for lower frequencies, but to offset of modulated frequency from carrier at high frequencies Roll-off factor r depends on technique for filtering signal to establish B 17

  18. Bandwidth Efficiency for Digital-to-Analog Encoding Schemes R/BT

  19. Analog Data, Analog Signals (5.4) CSE 3213

  20. Analog Data, Analog Signals • Why modulate analog signals? • Higher frequency can give more efficient transmission • Permits frequency division multiplexing (Chapter 8) • Combining an input signal m(t) and a carrier of frequency fc to produce a signal s(t) whose bandwidth is centered at fc • m(t): modulating signal • s(t): modulated signal • Types of modulation:

  21. Analog Modulation

  22. Transmission Bandwidth of Analog Modulation Schemes • FM and PM require greater bandwidth than AM. • B is the bandwidth of the original signal.

  23. Summary • Signal encoding techniques • digital data, digital signal • NRZ, multilevel binary, biphase • modulation rate, scrambling techniques • analog data, digital signal • PCM, DM • digital data, analog signal • ASK, FSK, BFSK, PSK • analog data, analog signal • AM, FM, PM

  24. Reading • Chapter 5, Stallings’ book

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