A Vulnerability Assessment of The impact of Climate Change on Maize Production in Lesotho

1. A Vulnerability Assessment of The impact of Climate Change on Maize Production in Lesotho KanonoThabane National University of Lesotho

2. Why worry about food security as Young Professionals • The issue of food security calls for serious interventions by us as YP • Lack of Nutrition can be detrimental in the early stages of life: • Food Insecurity = no development • Food security is critical for peace and stability: • People Revolt • Migrate and • Die • Climate change is a major threat to food security

3. Climate Change exists • It is no secret that climate change will affect crop production in the future. What to do? Problem • Crop production in Southern Africa (SA) Vulnerable to climate change (CC). • Increasing demand for food • Adaptation is essential • Smallholder farmers (SH) • Most vulnerable • Less capable to adapt • Identify how Vulnerable communities are to climate change and other factors • Commonly used by SHs therefore natural choice to adapt SHs to CC • Household Targeting

4. SECCAP

5. aim • How will Climate change affect maize production in Maphutseng, Lesotho? • How will climate related changes in maize production affect vulnerability of households in Maphutseng?

6. Why Do We Need Household Targeting? • Various development players have applied different models and approaches in an attempt to address vulnerability and poverty. • Poor targeting often results from high inclusion or exclusion errors, • Inclusion: which comes in the form of providing assistance to non-deserving households. • Exclusion: deserving households might be excluded from receiving aid or development assistance. • This calls for effective and efficient systems of identifying and selecting beneficiaries.

7. Household Vulnerability Index (HVI) • Developed by FANRPAN to identify Vulnerable Households exposure to shocks affecting their livelihoods. HVI uses 5 capital Assests: • a) Human Capital– results to include • - Gender / average age of registered beneficiaries • - % of female-/child-headed households • - Average household size • - Composition of household members (children, chronically ill, disabled, etc.,) • - Education and employment

8. Household Vulnerability Index (Cont) • b) Physical Capital • - land ownership and cultivation • - livestock ownership and sales • - sources of income • - sources of water • c) Natural Capital-Use and management of the environment • - use of forest resources • - effect of ill health on management of environmental resources • d) Financial Capital- • - most common expenditures, additional expenditures • - spending of income from livestock or crop sales

9. Household Vulnerability Index (Cont) • ) Household food access and nutrition diversity • - meals per day • - nutrition diversity index • -other food sources other than own production • -average household reserves of cereal • f) Social Capital- support networks • -support received and from whom • -satisfaction with support received

10. Household Vulnerability Index (Cont) HVI calculates an index ranging between 0 and 100, and categorises households as • Low Vulnerability: (0-42) able to deal with a shock on their own • Moderate Vulnerability: (43-63) need support to deal with a shock • High Vulnerability: 63+ (need expert support otherwise on a downward spiral because of the shock)

11. RESEARCH IMPACT Why HVI? Intervention policies • There is need to focus on the capital asset portfolio of the poor first before developing strategies that might enhance their abilities to cope with adverse effects. • Responsive • Efficient • Timely

12. Thank You sthunya.thabane@gmail.com