Mass Transit

1. Mass Transit Team Shark Andrew Bauer Kilee Johnson Linden Lee Emily Mosen Kyra Hayashi

2. Team SharkOutline • History • Urban Systems in U.S. • Urban Systems in Europe • Attitude towards mass transit • A Vision for the future

3. Public Transport History 1832-2006 The Age of the Street Car • 1832 - Horse Drawn Street Cars in New York • 1873 - First Cable Car in San Francisco • 1888 - Frank Sprigue Starts First Electric Street Car Line in Richmond, Va.

4. Expansion of Cities • 1897 - New York Builds First American Subway • 1900 - Street Cars run all over Portland. Even Daily trips to Eugene, Corvallis and Salem. • Street Cars are cheep and practical transport

5. Combustion Revolution • 1907 - First gasoline powered bus line in N.Y. • 1918 - Automobiles are becoming wide spread • Buses “Poach” Street Car lines because they can go where the street cars can’t • 1940 - Buses outnumber street cars • 1950’s Last City Street Car in Portland is retired • 1960 first LTD service is on VW vans!

6. Rebirth of Public Transit • 1970’s - Traffic Congestion prompts big cities to look again at the “Street Car” now Light Rail • 1986 - Portland runs Metropolitan Area Express (MAX) • 2004 - Hybrid, Hydrogen, Electric, and Natural Gas powered buses are being developed by various cities • 2006 - All major metropolitan areas in US operate one or more Light Rail/Rapid Transit systems

7. New York City • Subway Serves: Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, the Bronx, & through the MTA Staten Island Railway, Staten Island • Buses Serve: Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, & Long Island • Staten Island Railway serves those who want to leave the city at an affordable rate • Metro-North Railroad is similar to the Staten Island Railway but serves areas long the Hudson River • Access-A-Ride For those with disabilities who are not able to use public buses or subways

8. Citizen Participation • NYC’s public transit system moves over 7 million people a day. • It is the largest in the world. The ridership in NYC is greater than all 9 of the remaining top 10 US cities combined!

9. Cost • $9.3 billion dollar budget for 2006

10. Portland,OR • TriMet Bus • Max Light Rail • Portland Street Car • TriMet LIFT

11. Citizen Participation • 42% of adults in the Portland region ride TriMet at least twice a month

12. Cost • $304,544,693 for 2006

13. Houston, TX • Bus • Train • METRO-Rail • Vanpool • Metro-LIFT

14. Citizen Participation • 119 Million boardings in 2004

15. Cost • ??? • Could not find info on this --- maybe the city is not willing to invest in a failing public transit system

16. Paris, France • Paris Métro – the underground metro system • The RER(Réseau Express Régional, "Regional Express Network") • Orlyval is a small automatic metro which runs a shuttle service to Paris's Orly Airport from the RER network, with which it connects at Antony station on line B.

17. Bus – nearly every town & many rural areas have scheduled local bus service articulated bus in Münster Straβenbahn/Trambahn (streetcar/tram) – most medium & large cities have a streetcar system Leipzig streetcar  Stadtbahn (lightrail) – outside of the central city, runs mostly overground Stuttgart Stadtbahn Germany

18. U-Bahn (Untergrundbahn, subway/underground) – most of Germany’s largest cities have a subway system Berlin U-Bahn S-Bahn (Schnellbahn, suburban commuter rail) – express trains that connect the central city to the farthest suburbs Frankfurt S-Bahn

19. London, England • www.tfl.gov.uk is Transport for London’s website, Transport for London is the integrated body responsible for the capital’s transport system • London Underground (the Tube) • Docklands Light Railway (DLR)

20. London Underground • London Underground was formed in 1985, but its history dates back to 1863 when the world's first underground railway opened in London. • Today, London Underground is a major business with three million passenger journeys made a day • In 2002-2003, London Underground drove a total of 65.4 million kilometers.

21. Docklands Light Railway • One of the first light rail systems in Britain, with one of the world’s safest and most advanced automatic train control systems • The DLR opened in 1987 as a modest £77 million railway with an 11 vehicle fleet and 15 stations. • Today DLR is a £1 billion, 31km railway with 38 stations and 94 vehicles; with passenger numbers expected to increase to 60 million within the next two years. • Has expanded faster than any UK railway.

22. What do Americans think about mass transit? • When 5,200 people participated in a study, 98% said they support the use of mass transit by others. • In order of importance, the reasons given for expanding mass transit systems were: 1. faster commutes 2. shorter lines at gas stations 3. environmental concerns 4. energy concerns

23. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA) hopes to "de-emphasize the inconvenience and social stigma associated with using public transportation." Instead, they want to draw attention to these “benefits”: • waiting at a bus stop provides an opportunity to get fresh air • meet interesting people from a diverse array of low-paying service-sector jobs • apparently, you can pick up a new language if you read the advertisements written in Spanish on buses and subway walls.

24. Some people ride BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit, a commuter rail system), for example, so that they can use their commute time to do work, read for pleasure, take a nap, or simply relax and enjoy the scenery rather than concentrating on driving. Cost comparison often shows that BART fare is lower than the combined costs of bridge tolls and maintaining and fueling a vehicle.

25. United States Environmental Protection Agency: • wrote a paper in July 1998 titled, • “Transportation Control Measures: Improved Public Transit.” • 3 major ways of increasing ridership on public transit – and thus decreasing energy costs associated with transportation within a population • system and service expansion • operational improvements to the system • incentives to commuters to use public transit more frequently

26. System and Service Expansion • provide entirely new systems – new subways, light rail, etc. • provide new services – express buses, HOV lanes, lanes exclusively for buses • Operational Improvements • broader geographic coverage • reliable schedules and improved maintenance of transit vehicles • Incentives • discounts on monthly or weekly passes • employers can buy bulk numbers of passes for employees and perhaps receive government incentives • if mass transit system becomes efficient, riders will benefit by saving time and money

27. Goals • save commuters’ time and money • improve the city’s traffic and pollution problems without embarking on massive construction of an expensive transit system • A Solution!!! • use existing infrastructure – with a few modifications – and incentives to increase ridership on mass transit • public buses (hybrid or perhaps fully electric-powered) – with expanded geographic coverage, exclusive bus lanes (to make commuting faster and more prompt), better maintenance and cleanliness, and incentives

28. The End