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India’s Independence

India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. India’s Independence. Hindu and Muslim differences . Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) and the Muslim League , feared a Hindu-majority India would ignore Muslim concerns .

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India’s Independence

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  1. India’s Independence

  2. India’s Independence

  3. India’s Independence

  4. India’s Independence

  5. India’s Independence

  6. India’s Independence

  7. Hindu and Muslim differences • Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) and the Muslim League, feared a Hindu-majority India would ignore Muslim concerns. • He worked in Indian National Congress until 1920 when they adopted Gandhi’s satyagraha campaign. • Jinnah pressed foran independent territory for South Asia’s religious minority – Muslims. (Pakistan,“land of the pure”)

  8. Indian Independence Act of 1947 • Date of Independence: August 15th, 1947 • This act was the implementation of the June 3rd Plan or the Mountbatten Plan • Mountbatten was the last viceroy • Partition plan was set in place despite the views against it from Mountbatten and Gandhi

  9. 1947 Partition of India • 12 million+ Muslims, Sikhs, and Hindus fled their homes to join a majority-religion region or state • violence between the Hindus and Muslims caused hundreds of thousands of deaths • Bitter memories remain from these hardships

  10. India and Pakistan Split

  11. Problems with Pakistan: East and West • Separated by 1,000 miles • Besides sharing the same religion East and West Pakistan were different in a lot of ways (geography, languages, and traditions) • Pakistan’s Strengths: • - army • - educated officials

  12. West and East Pakistan Problems • West Pakistan was the political and economic power of the two • The Bengalis occupied the poorest section (East Pakistan) • Bengalis were treated as second-class citizens • 1970, a cyclone caused enormous damage to East Pakistan. There was little to no aid from West Pakistan.

  13. East Pakistan Rebellion • Very successful and quick rebellion (April – December 1971) • Indian army supported East Pakistan • December 16th, 1971 East Pakistan became a newly independent nation – Bangladesh.

  14. Pakistan Today • Illiteracy rates are high • Millions live in poverty • Political instability over the years lead to long periods of military rule • The northwest Pashtun tribes have supported the Taliban regime and Al Qaeda

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