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Cell Signaling

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Cell Signaling

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    1. Cell Signaling

    2. Cell Signaling Players

    3. Signaling Paradigm

    5. Signals Proteins peptides amino acids lipids (ex/steriods) gases (ex/NO) nucleic acids retinoic acid

    6. Receptors Extracellular Intracellular

    8. Signaling Pathways Autocrine- signaling of self or to cells like self Contact-Dependent-requires membrane contact between signaling and target cells Paracrine-signaling in local environment Synaptic-signaling in neuronal pathways Endocrine-signaling at a distance

    9. Autocrine

    12. Contact dependent example:Gap junctions

    13. Synaptic: Specificity achieved with direct contact

    14. Endocrine: Specificity achieved with specific signals that are received by specific targets

    15. More about signals. How do they work?

    16. External signals are required for proliferation, differentiation, and even survival

    17. The same signal can have different effects for different cell types

    18. More about receptors. How do they work?

    19. Receptors can be inside the cell. Enzymes that interact with dissolved gas signals Nuclear Receptors

    20. NO is a signal for smooth muscle relaxation

    21. These signals bind nuclear receptors

    23. Most of these types of signals are hormones (endocrine pathway). Nuclear receptors receive signal (bind signal) and then affect transcription of genes.

    25. Signal is trapped inside the receptor by a helix that folds over in a conformational change

    26. Receptors can be on the cell surface Three types of cell surface receptors Ion-Channel-Linked G-Protein-Linked Enzyme-Linked

    27. Types of Cell-Surface Receptors

    29. 1. Ion-Channel-Linked Receptors

    32. 2. G-Protein-Linked Receptors

    33. “G-Protein” has three subunits. It is attached to plasma membrane.

    34. Activation of a G-protein. Signaled receptor promotes GDP-GTP exchange. ?? complex or ? can then affect target (ion-channel or enzyme)

    37. Some G-proteins work through 2nd Messenger cAMP

    38. cAMP activates proteins

    40. Gene transcription activated by cAMP signaling

    41. G-protein linked receptor begins a pathway that increases Ca++ concentration in the cytosol via IP3

    43. 3. Enzyme-Linked Receptors

    45. Autophosphorylation depends on signals interacting with both receptor chains

    47. Jak-Stat Pathway, representative enzyme -linked receptor pathway

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