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PROTEINS

PROTEINS. III. Proteins:. amino acids. composed of ___________, which are made up of C, H, O, N, and S atoms. A. Amino acids:. 20. 1. There are ______ different amino acids that make up most proteins. 2. Draw.

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PROTEINS

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  1. PROTEINS

  2. III. Proteins: amino acids composed of ___________, which are made up of C, H, O, N, and S atoms

  3. A. Amino acids: 20 1. There are ______ different amino acids that make up most proteins.

  4. 2. Draw

  5. Amino acids are linked through peptide bonds by Dehydration synthesis to form polypeptides

  6. O O H H H H C C OH OH C C N N H H R R Amino acids are linked together to form polypeptides Uses the Same chemical reactions +

  7. Amino acids are linked together to form polypeptides Step 1: remove H and OH O O H H H H C OH + C N C C N H R R H OH

  8. O O H H H H C OH C N C C N H R R Amino acids are linked together to form polypeptides Step 2: Link rest of monomers together H OH

  9. O O H H H H C OH C N C C N H R R Amino acids are linked together to form polypeptides Product: growing chain + 1 water molecule + H OH New bond; Called peptide bond

  10. + + H2O

  11. Amino acids can be polar, non-polar, charged or uncharged. This affects the of the protein. structure

  12. B. Polypeptides: very long chains of amino acids. The amino acids in the chains interact with each other, forming different types of structures: • Helixes or coils

  13. Helix

  14. B. Polypeptides: very long chains of amino acids. The amino acids in the chains interact with each other, forming different types of structures: • Helixes or coils • Pleated Sheets

  15. Pleated Sheets

  16. B. Polypeptides: very long chains of amino acids. The amino acids in the chains interact with each other, forming different types of structures: • Helixes or coils • Pleated Sheets • Globular

  17. Globular Protein

  18. structure C. The ___________ of a protein is greatly influenced by conditions such as : • Temperature • pH

  19. D. Functions: There are many different kinds of proteins each with different roles.

  20. D. Functions structural support • Provide ________________ and ________________. Example: keratin and collagen 2. Control the rate of reactions: enzymes building material chemical

  21. D. Functions • Carry and transport substances in and out of ____. Example: hemoglobin • Fight against _______: antibodies cells disease

  22. IV. Nucleic Acids composed of a chain of ___________________. nucleotides

  23. NUCLEIC ACID • Compounds that contain phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

  24. A. Nucleotide

  25. a. Names of Nitrogenous Bases • Adenine (A) • Thymine (T) • Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G)

  26. B. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double stranded molecule. It stores the hereditary information used to make proteins. a. Nitrogenous bases pair up: • A and T • G and C

  27. C. RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a single stranded molecule, used in making proteins. a. Uses the nitrogenous base, Uracil (U) instead of Thymine

  28. Structure of Nucleic Acids - Build/broken down using same reactions!! H H OH H Base P o CH2 H H P = Phosphate = H2PO3

  29. Base H20 H H H Base o P CH2 H OH H H H o CH2 P H H H OH P = H2PO3 = HPO3-

  30. H H H Base o P CH2 OH H H H H Base o CH2 P H H H

  31. Chain forms by connecting the sugar of one nucelotide to Phosphate of the next. Forms Phosphate-sugar backbone Base o CH2 P H H H H H H Base o P CH2 OH H H H H

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