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Proteins

Proteins. Assumed Knowledge. Amino acid structures and properties Secondary structure ( α -helix and β -sheet). Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes (cytoplasm ) – covered in the genetics presentation Functions of proteins. Amino Acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins

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Proteins

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  1. Proteins

  2. Assumed Knowledge • Amino acid structures and properties • Secondary structure (α-helix and β-sheet). • Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes (cytoplasm) – covered in the genetics presentation • Functions of proteins

  3. Amino Acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins There are 20 amino acids found in proteins All have a standard structure

  4. Properties • Size – small, bulky, affects the folding of a protein • Charge • H – bonding • Disulphide bonding between two cysteine amino acids

  5. Protein Structure • Primary structure – the sequence of amino acids (the polypeptide chain) • Secondary structure – folding into an α-helix or a β-sheet • Tertiary structure – further folding of the protein • Quaternary structure – association of multiple proteins to form a multi-subunit protein

  6. Peptide bond – bonds between the amino group and the carboxyl groups of amino acids. The bonds form with the loss of water - dehydration reaction

  7. α-helix - right handed coil structure with precise spacing throughout β-sheet – a lateral connection of β-strands (stretches of amino acids)

  8. Collagen – most abundant protein Made of three left handed helices arranged in a right-handed super helix

  9. Protein Function • Enzymes- kinase • Transport - haemoglobin and myoglobin (O2) • Storage - haemoglobin • Motility - actin and myosin. • Structure – collagen • Defence - immunoglobulins (antibodies). • Communication - Signals (insulin) and receptors (insulin receptor) • Gene control- transcription factors

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