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Connective Tissue The Big Connection!

Connective Tissue The Big Connection!. Chapter 4 Anatomy and Physiology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School. All C.T. have Three Parts. 1. Specialized Cells 2. Extracellular Protein Fibers

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Connective Tissue The Big Connection!

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  1. Connective TissueThe Big Connection! Chapter 4 Anatomy and Physiology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School

  2. All C.T. have Three Parts 1. Specialized Cells 2. Extracellular Protein Fibers 3. The Fibers above and a ground substance - make up the Matrix that surrounds cells. (most of the volume of C.T.)

  3. Differences Between C.T. and other Tissues

  4. In general, C. T. ... • Found throughout the body • Never exposed to outside environment • Many C.T.s are highly vascular and/or have sensory receptors.

  5. Functions of C.T. • Structural framework for body. • Transportation of fluids and materials. • Protection of delicate organs.

  6. Functions of C.T. • Supporting and interconnecting other tissue types. • Store energy reserves (lipids). • Defending the body from pathogens.

  7. 1. The Cells • Fibroblasts- most abundant, present in every C.T. Proper; they secrete polysaccharide and proteins-->ground substance (very viscous); also secrete extracellular fibers. • Macrophages- part of immune system that engulfs pathogens and damaged cells.

  8. Show me a macrophage!

  9. 1. The Cells • Adipocytes- “fat cells”; store lipids in a huge droplet; number may vary from C.T. type. • Mesenchymal Cells- stem cells that can differentiate into fibroblasts and macrophages.

  10. 1. The Cells • Melanocytes- synthesize and store melanin (pigment). • Mast Cells- small mobile cells of immune system; make histamine and heparin. • Lymphocytes- migrating immune cells that produce antibodies.

  11. 2. The Fibers • Collagen Fibers- long, straight, unbranched, fibers of fibrous proteins; rope-like, very flexible, yet strong. (Tendons and Ligaments)

  12. Collagen Fibers

  13. 2. The Fibers • Reticular Fibers- same protein subunits as collagen; branched network of fibers, thinner than collagen; form an interwoven network; resist forces from multiple directions; stabilize organs.

  14. 2. The Fibers • Elastic Fibers- contain the protein elastin as a subunit; branched, thin and wavy fibers; after they stretch they return to original length; (elastic ligaments in vertebrae).

  15. What would happen if a person’s elastic fibers were not properly formed?

  16. Williams’ Syndrome- Abnormal Elastic Fibers

  17. The Mind Traveler: Don’t Be Shy Mr. Sacks Williams’ Syndrome

  18. 3. Ground Substance • Fills the space between cells and fibers. • In C.T. Proper, it is clear andviscous; very thick due to proteoglycans and glycoproteins.(maple syrup)

  19. 3. Ground Substance • Density slows the spread of pathogens. • Ex. Of Deficiency: Marfan’s Syndrome (fibrillin glycoprotein)

  20. Marfan Syndrome- Dominant Mutation • Marfan’s Syndrome- mutation in the fibrillin gene (glycoprotein in connective tissue).

  21. A Marfan’s Sufferer ?

  22. Medical Mysteries: Giants Marfan’s Syndrome

  23. I. C.T. Proper- A. Loose C. T. • Areolar- “packing material” of the body. • Fills spaces between organs, provides cushioning, and supports epithelia. • Open framework with much ground substance to cushion shock.

  24. A. Loose C. T. • Loosely organized fibers- allow distortions. • Elastic fibers- allow resilience • Has extensive circulatory system. (site of injections, epithelia)

  25. Areolar Tissue

  26. 1. Adipose Tissue • Most of volume is adipocytes. • Provide padding, cushions shock, act as insulator, energy storage. • Under skin of buttocks, sides, and breasts, fills bony sockets behind eyes. • Ex. Brown Fat in Infants.

  27. A Bunch of Brown Fat

  28. Adipose Tissue, Low Magnification

  29. Adipose Tissue, High Magnification

  30. Does the Cell Make Me Look Fat? StoredFat Nucleus

  31. 1. Adipose Tissue • Do adipocytes continually divide in adults? • How do we acquire more fat tissue? • Is liposuction a permanent solution? • Answers on p. 124, Martini, 4th Edition

  32. Show me some adipose tissue! Discovery: Body Story Series- Baby (Brown Fat in an Infant) Oprah Video - Adipose from an Autopsy

  33. 2. Reticular Tissue • Composed of reticular fibers. • Create a complex, 3-D network (stroma) that supports the cells of an organ. • In which direction is this C.T. strongest?

  34. Reticular Tissue Reticular Fibers

  35. B. Dense C. T. • Most of the volume is fibers- collagen. • Two Types: • Dense Regular C. T. • Dense Irregular C. T.

  36. 1. Dense Regular C. T. Collagen fibers are parallel (aligned with the forces applied to tissue).

  37. 1. Dense Regular C. T. a.) Tendons-cords that attach bone to skeletal muscle. b.) Ligaments- connect bone to bone. c.) Elastic Tissue-mostly elastic fibers (resilient); around blood vessels and elastic ligaments.

  38. Dense Regular Tissue

  39. Dense Regular Tissue

  40. 2. Dense Irregular C. T. • Form interwoven meshwork. (Function?) • Strength and support. • Skin its strength (cured leather). • Capsule around organs-protection.

  41. Dense Regular - Elastic Tissue

  42. II. Fluid Connective Tissue A. Blood- specialized cells in fluid matrix; has soluble fibers normally! 1. Cells- a. Leukocytes (WBC’s) like neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes-immune cells.

  43. Neutrophil and Eosinophil

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