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AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, & OCEANIA

AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, & OCEANIA. Unit 4. UNIQUE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT. Australia lies between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. New Zealand lies in the Pacific Ocean to the east Australia Both are in the Southern Hemisphere. Far from other continents which made them unique.

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AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, & OCEANIA

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  1. AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, & OCEANIA Unit 4

  2. UNIQUE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT • Australia lies between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. • New Zealand lies in the Pacific Ocean to the east Australia • Both are in the Southern Hemisphere. • Far from other continents which made them unique

  3. Unique Plants and Animals • Only in New Zealand – kiwis and yellow-eyed penguins. • 84% of the plants in New Zealand’s forest grow nowhere else.

  4. Unique Plants and Animals • Kangaroo and Koala (marsupials) in Australia. • Almost all mammals in Australia are marsupials.

  5. MOVING PLATES OF ROCK • Theory of Plate Tectonics: Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands are all parts of the Huge Indo-Australian Plate. After several hundred millions of years it moved northeast toward Asia.

  6. TECTONIC PLATES

  7. AUSTRALIA CONTINENT • Australia is Earth’s smallest continent. • Most Australians live along Australia’s east coast. This region receives ample rain • The name Australia is derived from the Latin australis, meaning "southern" • Capital: Canberra • Largest City: Sydney • National Language: English

  8. AUSTRALIA RIVERS • Australia’s most important rivers: Murray and Darling, flow through the region where most of the fertile land are located.

  9. AUSTRALIA GREAT GREAT DIVIDING RANGE GREAT BARRIER REEF

  10. NEW ZEALAND GEOGRAPHY • New Zealand in 2 Major Islands (North and South). • New Zealand’s landforms have been shaped by volcanoes. • Capital: Wellington • Largest City: Auckland • Official Languages: English, Māori, NZ Sign Language • New Zealand is cooler than Australia. • Mild Climate and plenty of rainfall.

  11. NORTH ISLAND • In the middle of North Island lies a volcanic plateau. 3 of the volcanoes are active. • Geysers (hot spring) – shoot scalding water more than 100 feet into the air. New Zealanders use this energy to produce electricity.

  12. SOUTH ISLAND • Southern Alps – high mountain range. • Mount Cook – the highest peak in the range (12,349 ft.) • Canterbury Plain – a fertile land lies in the southeast where farmers produce most of New Zealand’s crops.

  13. Canterbury Plain

  14. COMPARING AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND • New Zealand is like Australia in several ways. Most of the population lives in cities along the coast. • Both of them have important natural resources – coal, iron, ore, natural gas. Raise sheep and cattle and similar crops. • New Zealand is much smaller but has higher mountains. • New Zealand has glaciers • The two also have different climates

  15. OCEANIA • Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean • Range from its three sub-regions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia • to, more broadly, the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago

  16. THE PACIFIC ISLANDS • New Guinea – the second-largest island in the world (half: Indonesia, half: Papua New Guinea) • Nauru – the world’s smallest independent island nation (21 square km)

  17. THOUSANDS OF ISLANDS • 3 MAIN GROUPS: • Melanesia (Black Islands) • Micronesia (Small Islands) • Polynesia (Many Islands)

  18. Melanesia (Black Islands)

  19. MELANESIA • More people compare to other island group • Mostly are large and high islands • New Guinea (Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea)

  20. Micronesia (Small Islands)

  21. MICRONESIA • Made up of largely low islands • Covers an area of the Pacific • Islands are less than 2.6 square km • The largest is Guam

  22. Polynesia (Many Islands)

  23. POLYNESIA • Polynesia is the largest • island group in the Pacific. • It includes the 5th state • of the United States, Hawaii • Consist of a great many • high islands, Tahiti & Samoa

  24. HIGH ISLANDS & LOW ISLANDS • HIGH ISLANDS: Mountainous, formed by volcanoes • LOW ISLANDS: Made up of coral reefs or atoll (ring shaped coral island)

  25. CLIMATE IN THE PACIFIC REGION • The Pacific Islands lie in the tropics. Temperatures are hot year round. Also, receives heavy rainfall. Most have rich vegetation. • Australia and New Zealand receives heavy rains just like the pacific islands in Micronesia, Polynesia, and Melanesia

  26. AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND • AUSTRALIA • Arid: Little rain or none • Semiarid • Humid Subtropical • Maritime • Mediterranean:mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers • NEW ZEALAND • Maritime: generally cool • summers and mild winters

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