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Persuasive Speaking

Persuasive Speaking. Ms Nitsche. Learning Intentions. We will learn to: Explore speeches and persuasive writing, looking at what makes them effective. Understand the range of techniques employed by speech writers. Why?

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Persuasive Speaking

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  1. Persuasive Speaking Ms Nitsche

  2. Learning Intentions We will learn to: • Explore speeches and persuasive writing, looking at what makes them effective. • Understand the range of techniques employed by speech writers. Why? • Speaking and writing persuasively is a skill you will need in the next few years at school, and in the outside world. • You will be expected to contribute effectively to group discussions and give a solo talk at some point, which will be a part of your overall grade. • At job interviews, being able to persuade the interviewer of your skills and abilities could be the difference between snagging that dream job, and going home empty handed.

  3. What makes a great speech? • Watch the following examples of speeches, and consider the following: -Were they effective? Why? - Did we agree with the speaker’s point of view? - If so, why? - What do you notice about the TONE used? - Can you think of any TECHNIQUES they used to engage or persuade us? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYaczoJMRhs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faTovfkLayI

  4. As a group, discuss and note down responses to the following: • Were they effective? Why? • Did we agree with the speaker’s point of view? • If so, why? • What do you notice about the TONE used? • Can you think of any TECHNIQUES they used to engage or persuade us? Joss Whedon Matt Santos

  5. Techniques • What kind of techniques did the speakers use to engage us, or persuade us?

  6. AFOREST • A: Alliteration, antithesis and appeal to audience directly. • F: Facts, first person. • O: Opinion, opposition needs to be criticised. • R: Rhetorical question, repetition, reasons, reader’s guilt/sympathy. • E: Emotive Language. • S: Statistics, strong voice, sarcasm, short sentences. • T: The Power of Three, threaten action.

  7. Alliteration • “…will defend to the death their native soil.” - Winston Churchill Effect The hard ‘d’ sound both focuses the listener on these important words, but also sounds strong and confident. Other examples Bold, brave sounds. Faint, falling sounds. Cacophanous, chaotic sounds.

  8. AntithesisAntithesis joins two ideas together in comparison or contrast. “I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king…”

  9. Appeal to the reader/listener directly • Using the second person involves the listener in our speech. • “…it is both our responsibility and our privilege to fight freedom’s fight.” • “… every time we think we have measured our capacity to meet a challenge, we look up and we're reminded that that capacity may well be limitless. “

  10. Facts • Using facts allows people to feel they can trust the speaker – that they are reacting to a real situation. “Today, for the first time in history, one in five Americans living in poverty are children. One in five children live in the most abject, dangerous, hopeless, backbreaking, gut wrenching, poverty, one in five, and they're children.”

  11. First PersonThe use of first person make the speech personal – as if the speaker is making a personal appeal to the listener. “I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today.”

  12. OpinionsUsing your opinion gives your point of view, and, again, helps to make the speech seem personal. “…which I do not for a moment believe…”

  13. Repetition • People remember things that are repeated. • Here are two examples of repetition used to great effect. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V57lotnKGF8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKIu0tjaL78

  14. ReasonsIt is vital in a speech that you justify your actions. “Over the past decade, the number claiming Disability Living Allowance as a whole shot up from 2.5 million to 3.2 million… And incredibly, half of new claimants never had to provide medical evidence. When you know, as I do, how much help genuinely disabled people need, then you can’t just ignore it when the system isn’t working properly… So we’re bringing in a system that’s fairer and simpler.”

  15. Reader’s Guilt/SympathyThis appeals to the reader, or listener’s, emotions. You want your audience to react with feeling. “Today for the first time in history, the largest group of Americans living in poverty are children. 1 in 5 children live in the most abject, dangerous, hopeless, back-breaking, gut-wrenching poverty any of us could imagine. 1 in 5, and they're children… Let me put it this way: I voted against the bill because I didn't want to make it harder for people to buy milk.”

  16. Emotive LanguageThis appeals to the listener’s emotions, and, again, is about wanting them to react with feeling. “…and it is both our responsibility and our privilege to fight freedom’s fight.”

  17. Strong Voice A speech is PERSUASIVE – you must show that you are strong and know what you are doing. “Now is not the time for a novice.”

  18. The Power of Three • Saying something THREE times makes it incredibly memorable. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kAhChC_qxU Despite becoming almost notorious for his involvement in the beginning of the war in Iraq, this is still the most famous quote of Tony Blair’s career.

  19. Threaten Action • This stirs the audience into action, and makes the speaker seem strong. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXoLaMhx-zI

  20. Task • Using AT LEAST THREE of these techniques, you are going persuade you partner of something. • One of you will persuade the other that MONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL. • The second person will persuade the other that MONEY IS ESSENTIAL FOR HUMANITY TO SURVIVE. • You have two minutes to prepare some arguments and notes to support your speech.

  21. Some things to consider…

  22. Some things to consider…

  23. Some things to consider…

  24. Some things to consider…

  25. Some things to consider…

  26. Some things to consider…

  27. Some things to consider…

  28. Task • Using AT LEAST THREE of these techniques, you are going persuade you partner of something. • One of you will persuade the other that MONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL. • The second person will persuade the other that MONEY IS ESSENTIAL FOR HUMANITY TO SURVIVE. • You have two minutes to prepare some arguments and notes to support your speech. • You then have two minutes EACH to persuade the other of your point of view. • REMEMBER YOUR TECHNIQUES!

  29. Starter • What is antithesis, and can you give an example of it?

  30. Learning Intentions • To develop our understanding of the persuasive techniques used in speeches. • To explore how we can use these techniques to persuade others.

  31. A F O R E S T

  32. AFOREST • A: Alliteration, antithesis and appeal to audience directly.

  33. Alliteration, antithesis and appeal to audience directly. • Good men are gruff and grumpy, cranky, crabbed, and cross • “One small step for man; one giant leap for mankind.” • “… every time we think we have measured our capacity to meet a challenge, we look up and we're reminded that that capacity may well be limitless. “

  34. AFOREST • A: Alliteration, antithesis and appeal to audience directly. • F: Facts, first person.

  35. Facts and First Person • More people voted in the final of American Idol than in the American Presidential Election. • “I have a dream that my four little children…”

  36. AFOREST • A: Alliteration, antithesis and appeal to audience directly. • F: Facts, first person. • O: Opinion, opposition needs to be criticised.

  37. Opinion and Opposition Criticism • Fox hunting is disgusting and barbarous. • Plastic surgery should be free on the NHS to make ugly people easier on the eye. • “Actually, what we are finding out now is that the Labour leadership is so cynical, so blinded by hatred for Nick Clegg and the Lib Dems that they are not even willing to go along with what you would you would regard as the core principles of their party…”

  38. AFOREST • A: Alliteration, antithesis and appeal to audience directly. • F: Facts, first person. • O: Opinion, opposition needs to be criticised. • R: Rhetorical question, repetition, reasons, reader’s guilt/sympathy.

  39. Rhetorical Questions Would anyone in their right mind queue for 12 hours to sing for half a minute on T.V.? Who wouldn’t have a shot at international fame and glory after singing for half a minute on T.V.?

  40. Repetition We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender.

  41. ReasonsIt is vital in a speech that you justify your actions. “Over the past decade, the number claiming Disability Living Allowance as a whole shot up from 2.5 million to 3.2 million… And incredibly, half of new claimants never had to provide medical evidence. When you know, as I do, how much help genuinely disabled people need, then you can’t just ignore it when the system isn’t working properly… So we’re bringing in a system that’s fairer and simpler.”

  42. Reader’s Guilt/SympathyThis appeals to the reader, or listener’s, emotions. You want your audience to react with feeling. “Today for the first time in history, the largest group of Americans living in poverty are children. 1 in 5 children live in the most abject, dangerous, hopeless, back-breaking, gut-wrenching poverty any of us could imagine. 1 in 5, and they're children… Let me put it this way: I voted against the bill because I didn't want to make it harder for people to buy milk.”

  43. AFOREST • A: Alliteration, antithesis and appeal to audience directly. • F: Facts, first person. • O: Opinion, opposition needs to be criticised. • R: Rhetorical question, repetition, reasons, reader’s guilt/sympathy. • E: Emotive Language.

  44. Emotive Language

  45. AFOREST • A: Alliteration, antithesis and appeal to audience directly. • F: Facts, first person. • O: Opinion, opposition needs to be criticised. • R: Rhetorical question, repetition, reasons, reader’s guilt/sympathy. • E: Emotive Language. • S: Statistics, strong voice, sarcasm, short sentences.

  46. STATISTICS Kills 99.99% of all germs 9 out 10 cats prefer Whiskas

  47. Strong Voice “In this room, when the President stands, nobody sits.”

  48. Short Sentences “I have a dream.”

  49. AFOREST • A: Alliteration, antithesis and appeal to audience directly. • F: Facts, first person. • O: Opinion, opposition needs to be criticised. • R: Rhetorical question, repetition, reasons, reader’s guilt/sympathy. • E: Emotive Language. • S: Statistics, strong voice, sarcasm, short sentences. • T: The Power of Three, threaten action.

  50. The Power of Three The good, the bad and the ugly Big, bold and beautiful “Education, education, education…”

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