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The 1960s (that we haven’t covered yet) in a Small- to Medium-Sized APUS Nutshell

The 1960s (that we haven’t covered yet) in a Small- to Medium-Sized APUS Nutshell. “Nothing capable of being memorized is history.” Remember that? Nevertheless, I want you to write this stuff down…and memorize it. Election of 1960. John F. Kennedy (MA senator) vs. Richard Nixon (Ike’s VP)

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The 1960s (that we haven’t covered yet) in a Small- to Medium-Sized APUS Nutshell

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  1. The 1960s(that we haven’t covered yet) in a Small- to Medium-Sized APUS Nutshell “Nothing capable of being memorized is history.” Remember that? Nevertheless, I want you to write this stuff down…and memorize it.

  2. Election of 1960 • John F. Kennedy (MA senator) vs. Richard Nixon (Ike’s VP) • What are the advantages/disadvantages for each contender? What gives JFK the edge?

  3. Nixon-Kennedy Debates • First televised debates • 60 million viewers • According to journalist Russell Baker, “That night, image replaced the printed word as the national language of politics.”

  4. Election Results Popular vote • 49.7% JFK • 48.5% Nixon

  5. “Camelot” American “royalty”

  6. JFK • Youngest elected president (43) • First Roman Catholic • Challenged Americans to enter the “New Frontier” of the 1960s

  7. Kennedy & the Cold War in Latin America 1. Alliance for Progress • Initiated 1961 to establish economic cooperation between NA and SA • Intended to counter emerging Communist threat from Cuba

  8. Kennedy & the Cold War in Latin America 2. Bay of Pigs • JFK inherited from Eisenhower administration a CIA-backed scheme to oust Castro by invading Cuba with anti-Communist exiles • When invasion failed, JFK refused to rescue insurgents, forcing surrender • 1200 exiles; 25,000 Cuban troops backed by Soviet tanks! • Damaged US credibility • Pushed Castro into closer alliance with SU • Khrushchev responded by secretly sending nuclear missiles to Cuba

  9. Kennedy & the Cold War in Latin America 3. Cuban Missile Crisis - 13 days on the brink of nuclear war • US discovered Soviet missile sites in Cuba (1962) • JFK responded with a “quarantine” (naval blockade) of Cuba • The deal: Soviets withdrew missiles from Cuba in exchange for US promise to not attack Castro or militarily invade Cuba • In another secret deal, US agreed to withdraw missiles from Turkey

  10. Kennedy the Cold Warrior in Berlin • Berlin wall construction began 1961 • 1963 speech in West Berlin—a few excerpts • There are some who say that “communism is the wave of the future.” Let them come to Berlin. • Freedom has many difficulties, and democracy is not perfect. But we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in, to prevent them from leaving us! • All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words "Ich bin ein Berliner!" (I am a Berliner.)

  11. Easing Tensions • June 1963 – Moscow-Washington hotline to allow quick, direct communication between Soviet and US leaders • Inspired by Cuban Missile Crisis • August 1963 – Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

  12. Tragedy in Dallas – Nov. 22, 1963

  13. LBJ: The “Johnson Treatment” • “They say Jack Kennedy had style, but I’m the one who got the bills passed.”

  14. Source: http://www.uiowa.edu/~commstud/resources/nonverbal/lbj.htm

  15. Election of 1964 • LBJ vs. Barry Goldwater (R-Arizona)

  16. Election Results • Popular vote • - 61.1% LBJ • - 38.5% Goldwater

  17. The “Great Society” • Goals: • Use federal government to enhance social welfare • Use education and job training to help disadvantaged overcome the cycle of poverty limiting their opportunities • LBJ highly influenced by Michael Harrington’s The Other America • The Great Society vs. the New Deal • Similarities and differences?

  18. The Supreme Court Reforms, Too – The Warren Court (53-69) • Brown v. Board (1954) • Mapp v. Ohio (1961) – illegally seized evidence cannot be used in court • Engel v. Vitale (1962) – no prayer in public schools • Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) – an attorney if you can’t afford one • Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) –accused has the right to have an attorney present when questioned • Miranda v. Arizona (1966)–suspects must be read rights before questioning

  19. Election of 1968 • Dissension within Democratic Party • George Wallace and White Backlash • Former governor of Alabama • Long-time champion of school segregation and states’ rights • Ran as American Independent Party candidate, appealing to Americans upset by the violence and civil disobedience associated with antiwar and civil rights demonstrations • Won 5 states in S and strong support in some northern states • The Rise of Nixon • Ran and won on promise to restore law and order • Appealed to middle-class Americans fed up with riots and protests

  20. Election Results

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