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Alcohol Metabolism

Alcohol Metabolism. Break Down and Removal. Small Amounts Unmetabolized (10%). Sweat Urine Breath. 1st Pass Metabolism. Occurs in the Stomach Gender Differences Exist: Men have a > level of ADH than women Early metabolism translates to lower BAC levels. 2nd Pass Metabolism.

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Alcohol Metabolism

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  1. Alcohol Metabolism Break Down and Removal

  2. Small Amounts Unmetabolized (10%) • Sweat • Urine • Breath

  3. 1st Pass Metabolism • Occurs in the Stomach • Gender Differences Exist: Men have a > level of ADH than women • Early metabolism translates to lower BAC levels

  4. 2nd Pass Metabolism • Occurs in the Liver • 1st liver enzyme--Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)-----> Acetaldehyde • 2nd liver enzyme--Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase----> Acetic Acid • Acetic Acid oxidized by body organs----> CO2 + H2O

  5. Blood Alcohol Concentration • THE RATIO OF ALCOHOL IN THE BLOOD TO THE TOTAL VOLUME OF BLOOD EXPRESSED AS A PERCENT • THE PERSUMPTIVE LEVEL OF INTOXICATION = .10% • FOR A 160 LB. INDIVIDUAL EACH DRINK = .02% *note size

  6. PROBLEM • If an individual weighing 160 lbs. consumes 2 drinks per hour, what will his/her BAC level be at the end of that time?

  7. SOLUTION Hour 1: .02 + .02 = .04 - .02 = .02% Hour 2: .02 + .02 = .04 - .02 + .02 = .04% Hour 3: .02 + .02 = .04 - .02 + .04 = .06% Hour 4: .02 + .02 = .04 - .02 + .06 = .08% Hour 5: .02 + .02 = .04 - .02 + .06 = .10% DUI

  8. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY • DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: • IRRITANT • INCREASING AMOUNTS IMPEDE OR STOP DIGESTION • PYLORIC VALVE MAY BE EFFECTED “STUCK”

  9. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY • CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • MINOR EFFECTS • HEARTBEAT & BLOOD PRESSURE LITTLE EFFECT • VASODILATOR OF SURFACE VESSELS • BODY HEAT LOSS (HYPOTHERMIA)

  10. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY • KIDNEYS • INCREASED URINE OUTPUT • CONSUMING LARGE QUANTITIES OF LIQUID • REDUCES THE PITUITARY HORMONE ADH (ANTIDIRURETIC HORMONE)

  11. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY • LIVER • ELIMINATES LIVER PRODUCTION OF GLUCOSE CREATING HYPOGLYCEMIA • BRAIN DEPRIVED OF PROPER NOURISHMENT • WEAKNESS, NERVOUSNESS, SWEATY, HEADACHE, TREMORS • FATTY LIVER

  12. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY • WHITE BLOOD CELLS • ACUTE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION SUCH AS BINGE DRINKING HAS A DIRECT EFFECT ON: • WBC RESERVES • CHEMOTAXIS • WBC ADHERENCE TO BACTERIA

  13. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY • CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 1 dk/hr BAC .02 little change 2 dk/hr BAC .05 drinker high, judgement center of brain affected, inhibitions lowered 3 dk/hr BAC .10 judgement is nil, muscle coordination depressed, stagger, slur speech

  14. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY 10 dk/hr BAC .20 emotions erractic, poor memory 1 pint/hr BAC .25 - .30 stuporus, judgement long gone, coordination wiped out, sensory perception almost gone 1.25 pints/hr BAC .40 coma, brain center which controls heart & lungs partially anesthetized

  15. ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY .40 - .50 coma .60 death

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