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Kin 381a Assignment #2: Self-Talk Assignment

Kin 381a Assignment #2: Self-Talk Assignment. Purpose Examined relationship b/w three dimensions of ST (valence, direction and frequency) and effort, as well as performance. Rationale Athletes report using ST to help control their levels of effort (Hardy, Alexander, & Hall, 2001).

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Kin 381a Assignment #2: Self-Talk Assignment

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  1. Kin 381a Assignment #2: Self-Talk Assignment

  2. PurposeExamined relationship b/w three dimensions of ST (valence, direction and frequency) and effort, as well as performance Rationale • Athletes report using ST to help control their levels of effort (Hardy, Alexander, & Hall, 2001)

  3. Rationale (cont.) • Zinsser, Bunker, and Williams (1998) promoted the use of ST for this function: “phrases such as ‘go for it,’ ‘easy,’ ‘pace,’ ‘pick it up,’ ‘cool it,’ ‘hold onto it,’ ‘push,’ ‘stay,’ and so forth can be very effective in controlling effort” (p. 278).

  4. Hypotheses • Positive association b/w ST valence & effort and performance • Positive association b/w ST direction & effort and performance • Positive association b/w ST frequency & effort and performance

  5. Methods Participants • Kin undergraduates Measures • Performance = # of laps completed • Effort = Borg’s (1971) 15-grade scale

  6. Borg’s (1971) scale 20 19 “very, very hard” 17 “very hard” 15 “hard” 13 “somewhat hard” “fairly light” 11 9 “very light” “very, very light” 7 6

  7. Measures (cont.) • ST frequency = single item • How often did you say things to yourself? • 1 = never, 9 = all the time • ST Grid(Hardy et al., 2001) Assesses valence and direction of self-talk Not the frequency of each but the extent…e.g. how positive?

  8. Extremely motivational Extremely negative Extremely positive Extremely de-motivational Self-Talk Grid

  9. Self-Talk Grid Extremely motivational X Extremely negative Extremely positive Extremely de-motivational

  10. Strengths of ST Grid • General sport specific questionnaire • e.g. not just tennis • Assess internal as well as external ST • Easy to admin. • e.g. not lots of hours of training • one person to admin. • rapid completion

  11. Procedure • Completed the ST Grid via a vivid recall scenario • help learn how to use the grid • Carried out modified 12 min run (Cooper, 1977) • Completed ST Grid after the task and single item measure of ST frequency

  12. Data Analysis • Was ST related to performance and effort! Re: effort • Correlation of ST valence with effort • Correlation of ST direction with effort • Correlation of ST frequency with effort

  13. Data Analysis cont. Re: performance • Correlation of ST valence with performance • Correlation of ST direction with performance • Correlation of ST frequency with performance

  14. Discussion • Study was correlational in design • Possible explanation, for example: Hard Work Negative mood Negative ST

  15. Written Report You are required to submit a written report that takes the form of a manuscript being submitted for publication to a sport psychology journal. The APA Style Manual (5th edition) must be adhered to when writing this report.

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