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Mass Society and Democracy

Mass Society and Democracy. 1870-1914. New Products Substitution of steel for iron Electricity Telephone Radio waves Streetcars/Subways Internal-combustion engine. The Second Industrial Revolution-New Products. New Patterns Better wages for workers

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Mass Society and Democracy

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  1. Mass Society and Democracy 1870-1914

  2. New Products Substitution of steel for iron Electricity Telephone Radio waves Streetcars/Subways Internal-combustion engine The Second Industrial Revolution-New Products

  3. New Patterns Better wages for workers Invention of the assembly line-led to mass production First department stores The Second Industrial Revolution-New Patterns

  4. The Working Class • Reformers • Wanted a new kind of society with better benefits for workers • Karl Marx • Appalled at the horrible conditions in factories • Blamed these conditions on capitalism • Felt that a dictatorship should be formed to organize and control the means of production • Would later be the basis for socialism

  5. The New Urban Environment • Growth of Urban Populations • Vast migration to cities • Improvements in Public Health and Sanitation • Crowded living conditions and poor sanitation bred disease • Public boards of health aimed to improve the quality of living • Clean water and effective sewage systems were also a key concern of the period.

  6. Social Structure • The New Elite • Most successful industrialists, bankers, merchants • Became leaders in government and military • The Middle Class • Included lawyers, doctors, business managers • Believed in hard work, which was open to everyone • The Working Class • Made up almost 80% of European population • Skilled artisans, semi-skilled laborers, unskilled day laborers

  7. Women’s Experiences • New Job Opportunities • Began working in factories • Could also be secretaries, telephone operators, teachers • Marriage • Marriage remained an important institution • Birth-rate declined as economy improved and birth control became available • Family • Middle class families fostered togetherness • Working class women spent little time with their family • Women’s Rights • Movement for women’s rights had it beginnings during this period • Fought for property rights • Women also begin to fight for suffrage, the right to vote

  8. Public Education Began because factories needed skilled, trained workers Better-educated voters were also needed Immediate result was an increase in literacy New Forms of Leisure Amusement parks Dance halls Team sports Education and Leisure

  9. Changes in Culture • Literature • Realistic literature that addressed social problems • Painting • Impressionism • Monet • Post impressionism • Van Gogh • Architecture • Functionalism: Buildings should be functional • Music • Expressive sounds and bold rhytems

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