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European Empires: 1660s

Chapter 23: Reforms, revolutions and War. INSPIRATION FOR REVOLUTION: Enlightenment (Liberty, No Divine Right, Popular Sovereignty, Equality) Peninsulares Vs. Creoles American/ French Revolutions Napoleonic Wars. European Empires: 1660s. MEXICO: 1810: Miguel de Hidalgo

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European Empires: 1660s

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  1. Chapter 23: Reforms, revolutions and War INSPIRATION FOR REVOLUTION: Enlightenment (Liberty, No Divine Right, Popular Sovereignty, Equality) Peninsulares Vs. Creoles American/ French Revolutions Napoleonic Wars European Empires: 1660s

  2. MEXICO: 1810: Miguel de Hidalgo (peasant) 1821: dictatorship (free from Spain) 1822: republic 1830s: Southern Mexico independent states 1855 La Reforma: Benito Juarez (Zapotec, land reform, universal male suffrage, freedom of speech, limit power of church, No payment of foreign debt = Cinco de Mayo) MexicanRevolution (1911-1920) Emiliano Zapata Pancho Villa (class conflict over land) Constitution 1917 Land distribution, universal suffrage, State supported education, labor reform, Restriction on foreign ownership of Mexican property) Latin American Revolutions

  3. Simon Bolivar (1783-1830)

  4. Latin America: After the Revolutions Wars disrupted trade Wars devastated the countryside and agrarian economy Caudillos gained power Geographic barriers to unity Preservation of social hierarchy Economic dependency Inability to effectively industrialize

  5. "As long as imperialism exists it will, by definition, exert its domination over other countries. Today that domination is called neocolonialism." — Che Guevara, Marxist revolutionary, 1965 Cardenas Somoza Che Guevara Neo-Colonialism Roosevelt Diego Rivera Fidel Castro Sandino

  6. Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1925-1980) Post WW II: Somoza family Wealth valued at $60 million Estimated 50,000 killed during Nicaraguan Revolution, 120,000 exiled, 600,000 made homeless 1955 :Anastasio Somoza Debayle Head of National Guard ANTI-COMMUNIST 1970s: Opposition grew = Sandinistas (FSLN) 1972: Devastating earthquake 1975: Somoza violent campaign against FSLN (Public reports issued but ignored) 1977: President Jimmy Carter urges Somoza to stop human rights abuses: Somoza lifts state of siege, but then continues… 1979: Nicaraguan Revolution: ousting of dictator, FSLN in power until 1990 ______________________________________________________________________ 1980s: Iran-Contra Affair

  7. Liberation Theology Father Oscar Romero 1917-1980 Romero was shot on 24 March 1980, while celebrating Mass at a small chapel located in a hospital called "La Divina Providencia", one day after a sermon where he had called on Salvadoran soldiers, as Christians, to obey God's higher order and to stop carrying out the government's repression and violations of basic human rights.

  8. NAFTA North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement

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