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Geology 12. Presents. Unit Outline Chp 10 Earth’s Interior Chp 11 Sea Floor Chp 12 Plate Tectonics Chp 9 Seismic (EQ) Chp 13 Structure. Chp 11 Seafloor. Volcanoes outgasses water to fill oceans Average depth = 4 km Continental Margins mark edge of continent from deep sea floor
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Geology 12 Presents
Unit Outline • Chp 10 Earth’s Interior • Chp 11 Sea Floor • Chp 12 Plate Tectonics • Chp 9 Seismic (EQ) • Chp 13 Structure
Chp 11 Seafloor • Volcanoes outgasses water to fill oceans • Average depth = 4 km • Continental Margins mark edge of continent from deep sea floor • 2 types of margins
Cont’l Shelf Cont’l Slope Abyssal Plain Cont’l Rise Submarine canyon Oceanic Plate Cont’l Plate 1. Passive Margin = where oceanic plate is fused to continental plate and large amount of sediment is deposited. • Ex: Eastern N. America Cont’l Margin fused
Submarine canyons • Cut into cont’l shelf-slope by: • a) rivers when sea-level was up to 130 m lower during ice ages • animation • b) turbidity currents = underwater landslides that erode slope and travel for 100’s of km • Sediments are deposited as a deep sea fan as graded bedding
New York Cont’ shelf Hudson River Submarine Canyon Cont’ slope
2. Active Margin = where oceanic plate is subducting under continental plate Ex: W. coast of S. America Volcano Cont’l shelf Cont’l slope Trench Abyssal plain Cont’l plate Oceanic plate
Oceanic (spreading) Ridge: where new oceanic plate is being created by volcanism Island/seamount seamounts Rift valley Pillow lava Sheeted dikes and gabbro mantle peridotite
Guyot • Guyots New volcanic island Eroded flat by waves
Reefs Top view lagoon Fringing reef Barrier reef Cross section Atoll
Islands get smaller as they age due to: • a) wave erosion • b) oceanic plate sinks as it moves way from divergent boundary or hot spot • See Q14d, p.9 of WS 12.2
Use the diagram of a typical ocean basin to answer question6. 6. The diagram represents a cross-section of an ocean basin. The number which represents a diverging plate boundary is A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Read Chapter 11Do WS 11.1Read Chapter 12 Go to Chp 12 Plate Tectonics