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Geology 12

Geology 12. Presents. Hand out note helper WS 8.45. Unit Outline. A: Fossil Record & Geologic Time WSs: 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, & 8.4 Labs: 8.1, 8.2 & 8.3 (bonus) B: Relative Dating WS: 8.5, Lab 8.4 C: Absolute Dating WS 8.5, Lab 8.5 Unit 2 Review WS + Unit 2 Test. B: Relative Dating.

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Geology 12

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  1. Geology 12 Presents

  2. Hand out note helper WS 8.45

  3. Unit Outline • A: Fossil Record & Geologic Time • WSs: 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, & 8.4 • Labs: 8.1, 8.2 & 8.3 (bonus) • B: Relative Dating • WS: 8.5, Lab 8.4 • C: Absolute Dating • WS 8.5, Lab 8.5 • Unit 2 Review WS + Unit 2 Test

  4. B: Relative Dating • Order of events: write numbers on sheet. 8 7 6 5 = erosion 4 = tilting 9 3 2 1

  5. Relative Dating

  6. Relative Dating • Involves placing events in the correct sequence or order 15 = erosion 14 13 12 = erosion 10 9 8 = erosion 11 =faulting 7 = tilt = mtn’ bldg’ 5 3 4 6 2 1

  7. Absolute Dating is determining how long ago something happened (ma) • ie. Dinosaurs became extinct 65 ma ago. • Using the principle of Uniformitarianism, six principles have been developed

  8. 1. Principle of Superposition: oldest rocks on bottom; youngest rocks on top.

  9. 2. Principle of Original Horizontality: sediments deposited in water in horizontal manner.

  10. 3. Principle of Lateral Continuity: sediments continue in all directions until they thin and are pinched out at the edge of the basin.

  11. 4. Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships: an igneous intrusion (or fault) is younger than the rock it intrudes (crosses). 4 3 2 1

  12. 6 5 7 4 3 8 9 2 1

  13. 17-erosion 6 5 12 8-erosion 11 10 9 14 4 3 7 2 15 1 16 13

  14. 5. Principle of Inclusions: xenoliths/ inclusions are older than the rocks they’re in. 2 1 3

  15. 2 1 3

  16. 4 3 3 2 5 - erosion 2 5 - erosion 1 1 4

  17. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

  18. 6. Principle of Fossil Succession: fossils on bottom are older than fossils on top.

  19. Unconformities • Break or portion of time (hiatus) is missing • Cause: period of non-deposition, period of erosion or mountain building • 3 types

  20. 1. Disconformity: surface of erosion or non-deposition (hard to detect) weathering, oxidation, jointing, etc. Sed’ Rx Sed’ Rx

  21. 2. Angular Unconformity: beds tilted then eroded before deposition (most common on exam)

  22. Angular Unconformity

  23. 3. Nonconformity: erosion surface is cut into metamorphic or igneous rocks. Use principle of inclusions to determine if it is an intrusion or a nonconformity. Sed’ Rx Ign’ or met’ Rx

  24. Practice Relative Dating Examples

  25. Do Lab 8-4 Relative Dating • Work on WS 8-5 • Work on Chp. 8 Review WS

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