Development of Speaking Skill -2

1. Development of Speaking Skill -2 Dr. Sarwet Rasul

2. Review of the previous lesson • Introduction to Speaking Skill • Importance of Speaking skill • General Misconceptions about speaking • Hindrances in learning good speaking skill • Speaking a foreign language • Speaking English as a foreign language • Speaking/ Listening – The inter-relationship • Components of Speech • Factors that Affect Oral Delivery • Pitch • Speech Rate • Volume • Vocal quality • Pronunciation

3. Today’s lesson Public Speaking

4. Public speaking skill is ……… • The ability or art of grasping and holding on to people’s attention through speech is called public speaking. • Public speaking is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner • A public speaker intends to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners.

5. Public speaking can be……… To inform To persuade To entertain To motivate To influence

6. Public Speaking Skill for students • Responding and participating in the classroom interaction • To agree • To disagree • To give opinion • To substantiate • To explain • To compare • Classroom Presentations • Project Presentations • Thesis Defence • (Later on?????)

7. 7P Approach to Public Speaking • 1. Purpose: Why are you speaking? What do you want your audience to know, think, believe, or do as a result of your presentation? • 2. People: Who is your audience? What are their characteristics? What are their skills, opinions, and behaviors? All these are going to affect you and your speaking choices.

8. Cont… 7P Approach to Public Speaking • 3. Place: Why are you speaking to a particular group at a particular place? How can you plan and adapt to the logistics of this place? How can you use visual aids to help you achieve your purpose? • 4. Preparation: What pre-hand preparation do you need? Where and how can you find needed ideas, information, material ect. for you? What is the type, quantity and quality of supporting materials that you need, and where would you find them?

9. Cont… 7P Approach to Public Speaking • 5. Planning: Is there or should there be a natural order to the ideas and information you want to present? What are the most effective and efficient ways to organize your speech? How would you adapt it to the purpose, people, place of your speech? • 6. Personality: How do you establish a link with the audience? How do you associate yourself positively to your message? What would you do to demonstrate your competence? How would you have an impact on the audience? 9

10. 7. Performance: What form of delivery is best suited to the purpose of your speech? What delivery mode will suit you the best? What techniques will suit your presentation the best? How about practice?

11. Organizing Public Speaking The essence of organizing an idea is actually very simple: Make a point. Explain it. Support it. Conclude it. Organizing a presentation then becomes a matter of developing connections between the ideas that you have already organized

12. How to tell? ''First you tell them what you're going to tell them. Then you tell them. Then you tell them what you told them.'' (Rafe, 1990)

13. Do you remember ? • Purposes of public speaking? • To inform • To persuade • To entertain • To motivate • To influence

14. Informative and Persuasive Speaking How to manage?

15. Purpose of Informative Speaking Purpose is to give some information Informative speaking focuses on making an idea clear. It can be about a process, policy, rule or concept.

16. Purpose of Persuasive Speaking The purpose is to convince Persuasive speaking deals with gaining willing acceptance to your central thesis. One must be more creative, thoughtful and motivating while delivering message in persuasive tone”.

17. Tactics for informative speaking • Using directness • Immediately identify the situation. Positive situations vs. Negative situations • Tell the operational messages (policies, directions, procedures) orderly and clearly.

18. Use illustrations, figures, graphs etc. for better understanding • Logically arranging the information. • Choosing the right tone. Subject: Damaged condition of fire extinguishers on arrival. • Offering an alternative solution. if someone wants to hold an event on your company ground. if someone wants an information that you can not give. if you can not give your time and service. • Ending on a positive note. I would be grateful if you could get the new merchandise to me in time for my Friday sale.

19. Tactics for persuasive speaking • Tell in an indirect tone……the opening sets strategy and gains attention. • What in your opinion as a medical doctor is the future of the private practice of medicine. • While you and I dined heartily last night , 31 orphans at Edhi center had only dried beans to eat. • Search for common ground. • Insert praise for the organization. • Mention names of colleagues or friends you have worked in the past.

20. Tone is your speech • Motivate by tangible or intangible rewards. • Be positive…..don’t use negative tone. • Make it stylistically and visually interesting and attractive. • Refusing positively, suggesting courteously.

21. Avoid anger. I can not understand your negligence. Your careless attitude has caused us a great loss. We will not tolerate this condition. • Closing with good will. • Avoid ending with old, negative apologies: Again may I say that I regret that we must refuse. I sincerely hope that you understand why we must make this decision. • End with a pleasant off subject comment. • Offer assurance that appreciate the reader as a customer or inquirer. • Invite future patronage, cooperation , suggestions or compliance with the decision. Let us know if you have any further problems.

22. Kinds of informative and persuasive speaking Reports Goodwill Briefings Instructions Policy Procedure Fact Value Claim Request Inquiry etc.

23. Audience analysis Knowledge about the topic Level of comprehending Attitude , interest, background. The degree of agreeing or disagreeing to a point.

24. Selecting supports for your speech Examples Illustrations Statistics Quotations Comparisons Definitions

25. Strategies for an effective non-verbal delivery Posture Movement Gestures Facial expressions Appearance

26. HOW to Maintain Attention Mind over matter Tell the story Use imagery and metaphors Employ quotations, facts and statistics Vary vocal pace, tone and volume punctuate words with attention Analyse audience,connect and interact with them Complement words with visual aids Convey controlled enthusiasm Get them in fun… incorporate humour

27. How to overcome fear of public speaking…..dealing with stage fright “Failing to prepare is preparing for failure”. • Mind over matter • Rehearse your talk • Pre-check any equipment you’ll need • Take an object with you • Breath deeply and slowly before speaking • Move during the speech

28. How Are You Doing? Using Audience Feedback Reach as many of the audience as possible Notice body language Respond to audience questions Handle unexpected issues smoothly

29. signs that Audience is not Listening • Scan across the room • Whisper • Tap their feet Start to look down • Touch or rub the face, hand or hair • Eyes glaze over and look at the screen • Fidget • Yawn • Flip through their notes • Make copious notes • Sigh heavily • Lie back in the chair and cross their arms

30. Style Craft an introduction Go with soft skills Extending courtesy (e.g, thanking the audience for the opportunity to speak, tactfully handling the interruptions etc.) shows an awareness of others and establishes the speaker as a caring person

31. Don’ts • Don’t hide behind podium • Don’t abuse the word “and” • Don’t overlook time constraint • Don’t distract from the topic • Don’t confuse enthusiasm with loudness • Don’t talk down to the other person • Don’t take negative responses personally

32. What conclusions are drawn?

33. Thank you very much