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Generation of 2D Wave Equation Synthetics Across

Sonic (ms/ft). Av vel from surface approx. 10,900 ft/s. Generation of 2D Wave Equation Synthetics Across Nissen -defined Cross- Sections of Dickman Field Rachel Barber, Susan E. Nissen , Kurt Marfurt. Base Penn Lime. Base Penn Lime. Sand, silt, and shale -12,000 ft/s.

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Generation of 2D Wave Equation Synthetics Across

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  1. Sonic (ms/ft) Av vel from surface approx. 10,900 ft/s Generation of 2D Wave Equation Synthetics Across Nissen-defined Cross- Sections of DickmanField Rachel Barber, Susan E. Nissen, Kurt Marfurt Base Penn Lime Base Penn Lime Sand, silt, and shale -12,000 ft/s Ave.: 85.18 30 ft Top Miss Top Cherokee Sand Ave.: 88.72 Top Conglomerate (Karst Fill) 150 ft Cherty dolomite -15,000 ft/s Ave.: 93.21 Top Mississipian Ave.: 70.01 Gilmore City Depth (ft) Limestone - 19,000 ft/s A sequestration inspired project in Central Kansas has inspired further geophysical research for karst topography identification in seismic. There is an openly fractured unconformity in between the Mississippian reservoirs and Pennsylvanian formation, which is where the karsting is taking place. The Western Interior Plains aquifer system flows underneath depleated Mississippian reservoirs providing the fluid flow. The sequestration is driven by environmental concerns as well as enhanced oil recovery. The purpose of this research is to better identify karst in seismic data though making synthetics using wave modeling. • Work Flow: • Use sonic log to determine velocities • Generate Model • Set acquisition parameters • Prepare model processing • Run Acoustic model • Merge grid for shot gathers • Merge grid for snap • Normalize • Run Kirchoff migration * All fractures are 10 ft wide Top Gilmore City Ave.: 85.18 Acoustic wave propagation through Karst model. (Tesseral 2D) Dickman Field is located on the western flank of the Central Kansas uplift, a northwest-trending anticline that was uplifted and eroded in post-Mississippian topre- Desmoinesian time (Merriam, 1963), forming apronounced regional unconformitysurface. In Dickman Field, Desmoinesian Pennsylvanian strata unconformably overlieMississippian reservoir rocks of the MeramecianSpergen and Warsaw Limestones. Karst development in Mississippian rocks beneath the pre-Pennsylvanian unconformity surface has been reported throughout western Kansas,including Ness County (e.g., Goebel, 1966; Nodine-Zeller, 1981; Montgomery et al.,2000). A solution-enhancement of natural fractures (rather than cavern formation) bykarst processes is believed to influence oil and water production in these Mississippian reservoirs (Montgomery et al., 2000). The velocities were generated using the sonic log from the Dickman 6 well; centrally located in the area of study. General Karst model Works Cited Model 1:Karst Model 2: Filled-Karst • Susan Nissen, Timothy Carr, Kurt Marfurt, Charlotte Sullivan.Using3-D seismic volumetriccurvature attributes to identify fracture trends in a depleted Misssiisppian carbonatereservoir: Implications forassessing candidates for CO2 sequestration.KansasGeological Survey.University of Kansas. Allied Geophysical Laboratories, UH. Pacific Northwest National Laboratories. • Abstract image courtesy of • http://www.kgs.ku.edu/PRS/publication/2004-56/reflector.html • Intro images and general karst model courtesy of Sue Nissen. • Tesseral 2D used to generate all models shown. • Special thanks to Roderick Perez for all your help. Synthetic seismogram Synthetic seismogram with Kirchoff migration

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