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Motivation / Background

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Motivation / Background

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  1. 8-years of global observations of water isotopologues in the stratosphere and mesosphere by the Odin satelliteJ. Urban, D.P. Murtagh, P. Eriksson, ... Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SwedenE. Dupuy, Y. Kasai, K. Walker, P. Bernath, G. Stiller, J. Steinwagner, ...NICT Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; University of Toronto, Canada; KIT Karlaruhe; University of Utrecht

  2. Motivation / Background • Water vapour • Important greenhouse gas in UT/LS • Middle atmospheric chemistry (source of HOx) • Main water isotopologues: H2O-16, H2O-18, H2O-17, HDO, ... VMSOW: 0.997, 0.00199, 0.00037, 0.0003, ... • Changes of isotope ratio in the atmosphere: • Condensation/evaporation processes (clouds, rain, vertical/horizontal transport) • Atmospheric chemistry (e.g. methane oxidation, ozone chemistry)

  3. Measurements

  4. Microwave limb sounding: major water lines MLS 183GHz SMR SMILES H2O H2O 2001 2004 2009 1991 489GHz 557GHz O2 O2 Odin/SMR 489+557GHz Aura/MLS 183GHz JEM/SMILES UARS/MLS 183GHz MAS/ATLAS (Space Shuttle)

  5. The Odin satellite Odin - Swedish led mini-satellite, cooperation with Canada, Finland, France. SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer) OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System) Launched in February 2001. 50% astronomy, 50% aeronomy. Limb-sounding in aeronomy mode, Polar sun-synchronous orbit: near global daily coverage.

  6. Odin/SMR spectral range H2O-17, O3, NO 551GHz ClO, O3, N2O, UTH 501GHz H2O, HDO, H2O-18, O3-18 490GHz O3, HNO3, H2O, UTH, T 544GHz H2O, O3, T 557GHz CO, O3, T 576GHz Receiver B1 Receiver A1 Receiver A2 Receiver B2

  7. Odin/SMR Water Isotope Mode: H2O, HDO, H2O-18 490.4 GHz band 488.9 GHz band tropics - 2002-10-26 ~ 20 km H2O-16 HDO O3-18-asym O3-18-sym O3-16 O3-17-asym ~ 35 km H2O-18 O3-img ~ 50 km Chalmers-v2.1

  8. Odin/SMR water isotope mode Retrieved profiles of H216O @ 488.9 GHz and HDO @ 490.4 GHz H216O (0.3S/106.5E) HDO (4.2S/129.9E) tropics - 2002-10-26 • Simultaneous retrieval of H216O, O3, H218O / HDO, 18O3-asym, 18O3-sym, scan-bias, linear baseline (offset), temperature, and continuum Chalmers-v2.1

  9. H2O-17 @ 551.7 GHz 21 km 36 km 50 km

  10. Odin/SMR 544.6 GHz water vapour Lower stratospheric water vapour retrieved from H2O continuum tropics: altitude range ~16-25km

  11. Global distribution

  12. Odin water isotopemode H2O-16 H2O-18 2008 - Sep - 13 HDO Maps at 35km! H2O-17 2008 - Sep - 5

  13. Strato-mesospheric H2O-17 / 2007 Jan Jul Oct Apr Jul Oct Apr Chalmers-v2.1 H2O-17 @ 551.7 GHz

  14. Water isotopes: seasonal averages 2001-2006 H2O H218O HDO DJF MAM JJA SON 90S EQ 90N 90S EQ 90N 90S EQ 90N 15-85 km v2.1

  15. Intercomparison with MIPAS and ACE/FTSH2O

  16. H2O: comparison Odin, HALOE, MIPAS, ACE - tropics -

  17. Intercomparison with MIPAS and ACE/FTSHDO

  18. HDO zonal mean: ACE/FTS vs Odin/SMR 20ºS-20ºN 30ºN-60ºN 70ºN-90ºN [courtesy: Eric Dupuy, K. Walker]

  19. HDO: MIPAS - Odin - ACE September - October - November 20km 23km 26km 26km 35km 29km 32km [comparison: J. Steinwagner]

  20. Tape-recorder

  21. Odin tropical H2O & HDO "tape-recorder" H2O@488.9GHz Chalmers-v2.1 data daily zonal means - 10day moving average Chalmers-v2.1 data daily zonal means Chalmers-v2.0 data daily zonal means- 10day moving average H2O@544.6GHz HDO@490.4GHz

  22. Odin/SMR water isotopologues:2001-2010

  23. Equivalent latitude time-series @ 655K H2O-16 H2O-18 H2O-17 HDO ~25km Odin/SMR water isotopologues Chalmers-v2.1 data

  24. Equivalent latitude time-series @ 960K H2O-16 H2O-18 H2O-17 HDO ~32km Odin/SMR water isotopologues Chalmers-v2.1 data

  25. Odin/SMR H2O-18@ 655K H2O-18@488.9GHz / Chalmers v2.1

  26. Polar winter descent

  27. H2O-18 @ 488.9GHztime-series:high latitudes H2O-18 NH VMR anomaly Water isotope mode IM_AC2ab, IM_AC2c target species: H2O, H2O-18, HDO 2001-2008 ~1 observation day per week smoothed over 30 days zonal averages 70-90S, 70-90N SH VMR anomaly

  28. Odin/SMR H2O-18 at high eqv. latitudes 1200K 840K 655K 520K

  29. Time-series

  30. Evolution of Odin/SMR water isotopes H2O 375-425K ( ~16.5-18.5km) Odin water isotopes: 2001-2010 tropics, zonal mean H2O 475-825K ( ~20-30km) HALOE H2O Odin H2O 544.6GHz Odin H2O 488.9GHz Odin HDO Odin H2O-17 Odin H2O-18 ACE H2O ACE HDO MIPAS H2O H2O 825-1400K ( ~30-40km)

  31. Evolution of Odin/SMR water isotopes H2O 375-425K ( ~16.5-18.5km) Odin water isotopes: 2001-2010 tropics, zonal mean H2O 475-825K ( ~20-30km) HALOE H2O Odin H2O 544.6GHz Odin H2O 488.9GHz Odin HDO Odin H2O-17 Odin H2O-18 ACE H2O ACE HDO MIPAS H2O H2O 825-1400K ( ~30-40km)

  32. H2O evolution / tropics

  33. Water vapour / 30°S to 30°N / 25-35 km SAGE H2O anomaly [%] HALOE Odin/SMR Aura/MLS Year 1984-2008 - deseasonalized and combined data sets [Jones et al., ACP-2009] green: all instrument weighted mean

  34. Summary • Odin carrying SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer)launched in February 2001 • now: ~9 years of observations starting from Nov 2001 (quasi-global coverage). • Continued operation through 2010 (ESA third party mission, 100% aeronomy). • Strato-mesospheric water vapour isotopologues: • H2O, HDO, H2O-18, O3-isotopes around 490GHz: ~4 days / month, Nov 2001 - , strat-mesosphere (~18/20-75km), now ~8 days / month • H2O-17, NO, O3, T at 551GHz: ~1 day / month, Oct 2003 - , strat-mesosphere (~20-75km), now ~4 days / month • Odin/SMR operational level-2 data: Chalmers-v2.1. • Quality assessment ongoing, e.g. MIPAS and ACE (H2O, HDO) intercomparison

  35. Summary: Odin H2O assessment (strat.) • Odin stratospheric water vapour products: 1. Lower stratospheric H2O at ~16-20km: 544.6GHz (v2.0) H2O@544.6GHz agrees well with HALOE in 375-425K (~16-19km) range, but biased low at 425-500K (and not useful above). 2. Strato-mesospheric H2O, ~20-75km: 488.9GHz (v2.1) H2O@488.9GHz agrees with HALOE in 500-1000K (~21-30km) range, but generally lower than ACE and CFH sondes. Low biased in middle and upper stratosphere and mesosphere. 3. Strato-mesospheric HDO, ~18-70km: 490.4GHz (v2.1) HDO@490.4GHz shows negative bias compared to MIPAS and ACE in the (18-35km) range covered by the IR measurements. 4. Strato-mesospheric H2O-18, ~20-70km: 488.9GHz (v2.1) 5. Strato-mesospheric H2O-17, ~20-80km: 551.7GHz (v2.1) no correlative data • H2O-16: Similar (seasonal, QBO) variability as HALOE, MIPAS, ACE in the relevant layers 375-425K (544.6GHz) and 500-1000K (488.9GHz).

  36. Thank you!

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