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FUNGI

FUNGI. FUNGI. COMMON FUNGI EXAMPLES: Mushrooms, yeasts, molds, morels, bracket fungi, puff balls. Fungi are heterotrophs Fungi are the decomposers Fungi use extracellular digestion – when enzymes are secreted outside of their body to digest food Most fungi are multicellular

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FUNGI

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  1. FUNGI

  2. FUNGI • COMMON FUNGI EXAMPLES: • Mushrooms, yeasts, molds, morels, bracket fungi, puff balls

  3. Fungi are heterotrophs Fungi are the decomposers Fungi use extracellular digestion – when enzymes are secreted outside of their body to digest food Most fungi are multicellular Fungal spores develop from hyphae Many fungi are symbionts with other organisms Key Concepts:

  4. 1.Cell walls Made of Chitin The same stuff that makes insects’ exoskeleton. 3 Major Features

  5. Thin filaments making up the fungus. Long, thread-like chains of cells. Grow at the tips and branch… Mycelium – mass of hyphae 2. Hyphae

  6. septum - the wall that divides cells (internal cross- walls) 3. Cross-walls

  7. Anatomy of Fungi Visible • hyphae • mycellium • fruiting body

  8. Fungi come in many shapes and sizes. • Primitive fungi are aquatic and have flagellated spores.

  9. 1. Phylum Zygomycota (Common Molds) • Mostly terrestrial. • Two types of hyphae: • Stolons– (horizontal) spread across the surface • Rhizoids – (vertical) digs into the surface • Reproduces by spores • Example: Bread Mold

  10. 2. Phylum Ascomycota (Sac Fungi) • Most are multicellular (except for yeast) • Most undergo asexual reproduction • Largest phylum of Fungi • Ex: Yeasts, cup fungi, powdery mildews, & lichens Morels ascoscarp

  11. 3. Phylum Basidiomycota (Club Fungi) • Club fungi have fruiting bodies which are club-shaped. • Most are edible • reproductive structures called basidia • Ex: mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi

  12. 4. Phylum Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi • Asexual Reproduction • Do not fit into the commonly established taxonomic classification • cause most fungal diseases in humans • EX: ringworm, athletes foot, thrush Ringworm

  13. Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually. • Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. • Yeasts reproduce asexually through budding. • Yeasts form asci (sexual spore-bearing cell) during sexual reproduction.

  14. Spores –cells with dehydrated cytoplasm & a protective coat capable of developing into new individuals When spore lands on moist surface, new hyphae form an identical parent. Budding: The fungus grows a new part of its body, which eventually breaks off. The broken-off piece becomes a “new” organism  Fragmentation: In this method, a piece of the mycelium, the body of the fungus, splits off. The resulting fragment can eventually produce a new colony of fungi. Asexual

  15. Hyphae of two fungi grow together and genetic material is exchanged. New structure grows from joined hyphae Sexual

  16. Bioremediation – help clean the environment. Fungi and Humans

  17. Molds Penicillium Penicillin Camembert and Roquefort cheeses Aspergillus Soy sauce Soft drinks - citric acid Yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bread, wine and beer Fungi and Humans

  18. Zygomycetes Rhizopus - Food spoilage Ascomycetes Ajeliomyces capsulatus-Histoplasmosis Aspergillus – sinus, ear, lung infection Microsporium sp. Various ringworms. Verticillium spPlant wilt Monilinia fructicola- Brown Rot of Peaches Some Pathogenic and Toxic Fungi

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