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Fungi

Fungi. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi. 8. 5. 3. 2. 1. Extant. How Many Kingdoms?. Multicellular Animals. Archezoans. Slime Molds. Archaebacteria. Protozoans. Green Algae. Bryophytes. Myxozoans. Chrysophytes. Tracheophytes. Euglenoids. Brown Algae. Bacteria. Red algae.

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Fungi

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  1. Fungi Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi

  2. 8 5 3 2 1 Extant How Many Kingdoms? Multicellular Animals Archezoans Slime Molds Archaebacteria Protozoans Green Algae Bryophytes Myxozoans Chrysophytes Tracheophytes Euglenoids Brown Algae Bacteria Red algae True Fungi Extinct Long Time with Prokaryotes only Original Cell

  3. Fungal Cladogram Phylum: Ascomycota Basidiomycota Zygomycota Saccharomyces Neurospora Rhizopus Sordaria Peziza Polyporus Agaricus Pilobolus Mucor Phallus One other taxon: Deuteromycota is artificial as sexual stages are unknown for these species. They are likely Ascomycota. To Animalia, etc.

  4. Fungi Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi Phylum Basidiomycota

  5. pileus lamellae = gills annulus = ring stipe = stalk volva = cup Basidiomycota:Amanita virosa (the destroying angel mushroom) amatoxin: digestive upset, fever, 2 days, improve 3 days, coma, death http://pkaminski.homestead.com/files/Amanita_virosa_7_L.jpg

  6. Life Cycle of Agaricus SYNGAMY gametes zygote germination mitosis gametangia mitosis differentiation differentiation 1N 2N Gametophyte Sporophyte differentiation differentiation sporangium mitosis mitosis germination spores sporocyte MEIOSIS This dikaryotic mycelium is composed of septate hyphae. It proliferates in the substrate (soil, rotting wood, etc.) and can live this way for weeks, years, decades, even centuries! Under the correct conditions, the dikaryotic mycelium forms basidiocarps. These will have hyphal tips forming a layer (a hymenium) on gills (or other surfaces). The apical cells are called basidia. dikaryotic mycelium plasmogamy cap = pileus stalk = stipe gills = lamellae ring = annulus septate hypha cup = volva basidium 2N karyogamy meiosis 4 meiotic products extruded from basidium 4 basidiospores atop basidium Whether this is a zygotic or a sporic life cycle depends upon your interpretation of whether or not the dikaryotic mycelium and basidiocarp is a sporophyte.

  7. Basidiomycota:Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) mushroom ibotenic acid, muscimol hallucinogenic near lethal dose Passage through urine stream Smurf Homes? http://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/photos/Amanita_muscaria(tfl-c0229-35).jpg

  8. Basidiomycota: Coprinus comatus (inky cap) mushroom Fall mushroom, edible as long as you do not drink alcohol at the same meal. Alcohol converts an innocuous compound into a toxin. Distinctive cylindrical pileus with shaggy coverage. Also called the shaggy-mane mushroom http://pkaminski.homestead.com/files/Coprinus_comatus_6_L.jpg

  9. A Fairy Ring of Mushrooms: a dikaryotic mycelium producing an ever-larger circle of basidiocarps at it edge. Can you tell how the lawn responds? Why does it respond this way? http://fp.bio.utk.edu/mycology/images/fairy%20ring.jpg

  10. http://www.mykoweb.com/SierraNevada/photos/Boletus_rubripes(mgw-01).jpghttp://www.mykoweb.com/SierraNevada/photos/Boletus_rubripes(mgw-01).jpg Basidiomycota: Boletus a large polypore (sponge) mushroom The pores are lined with basidia producing basidiospores http://www.funbeach.com/mushroom/L_Andersen/hires/Mshrms%20Laurie%20Boletus.jpg

  11. Basidiomycota: Phallales Phallus impudicus Mutinus caninus http://www.bsu.edu/classes/ruch/msa/porteretal/3-22.jpg http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~bh28/pics/phallus.jpg

  12. Dictyophora duplicata Clathrus archeri http://www.banrep.gov.co/blaavirtual/letra-f/fen/imagenes/hongos/fphallus.jpg http://users.servicios.retecal.es/amz/Concursos_Fotografia/2000/imagenes/CF01-P02_Clathrus_archeri.jpg

  13. Basidiomycota: Psilocybe cubensis These “magic mushrooms” contain psilocybin, a mescaline-class hallucinogen Growing in natural setting Dry “for sale” http://www.shroomwizard.com/graphics/Bradenton/Neil%207.jpg http://diseyes.lycaeum.org/teo/cub3dung.jpg

  14. You asked about sucralose (Splenda™)… This molecule is fundamentally sucrose with 3 hydroxyl groups replaced by chlorine… CH2OH CH2Cl Cl O O OH OH O CH2Cl OH OH 600 times less needed and is excreted without metabolism (0 cal) Adapted from: http://www.biosite.dk/staabi/images/sucralose.gif

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