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Labeled Bone Images. Figure 7-1 The Axial Skeleton. SKELETAL SYSTEM. 206. AXIAL SKELETON. 80. APPENDICULAR SKELETON. (see Figure 8 –1). 8. Cranium. Skull. 14. Face. Skull and associated bones. 29. Auditory ossicles. 6. Associated bones. 1. Hyoid. Sternum. 1. Thoracic
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Figure 7-1 The Axial Skeleton SKELETAL SYSTEM 206 AXIAL SKELETON 80 APPENDICULAR SKELETON (see Figure 8–1) 8 Cranium Skull 14 Face Skull and associated bones 29 Auditory ossicles 6 Associated bones 1 Hyoid Sternum 1 Thoracic cage 25 24 Ribs 24 Vertebrae Vertebral column 1 Sacrum 26 1 Coccyx Skull Cervical vertebrae Sternum Thoracic vertebrae Ribs Costal cartilages An anterior view of the entire skeleton, with the axial components highlighted. The numbers in the boxes indicate the number of bones in the adult skeleton. Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx Anterior (left) and posterior (right) views of the axial skeleton. The individual bones associated with the skull are not visible.
Figure 7-1a The Axial Skeleton SKELETAL SYSTEM 206 80 APPENDICULAR SKELETON AXIAL SKELETON (see Figure 8–1) Cranium 8 Skull Face 14 Skull and associated bones 29 Auditory ossicles 6 Associated bones 1 Hyoid Sternum 1 Thoracic cage 25 Ribs 24 Vertebrae 24 Vertebral column 1 Sacrum 26 1 Coccyx An anterior view of the entire skeleton, with the axial components highlighted. The numbers in the boxes indicate the number of bones in the adult skeleton.
Figure 7-3a The Adult Skull Sagittal suture PARIETAL BONE (right) PARIETAL BONE (left) Lambdoid suture OCCIPITAL BONE Squamous suture TEMPORAL BONE Mastoid process Styloid process Occipital condyle External occipital protuberance MANDIBLE Posterior view
Figure 7-3b The Adult Skull OCCIPITAL BONE Lambdoid suture PARIETAL BONE (right) PARIETAL BONE (left) Sagittal suture Coronal suture FRONTAL BONE ZYGOMATIC BONE NASAL BONES Superior view
Figure 7-3c The Adult Skull Coronal suture FRONTAL BONE PARIETAL BONE SPHENOID Supra-orbital foramen Squamous suture TEMPORAL BONE NASAL BONE LACRIMAL BONE Squamous part of temporal bone ETHMOID Lambdoid suture Infra-orbital foramen OCCIPITAL BONE MAXILLA External acoustic meatus ZYGOMATIC BONE Mastoid process Styloid process MANDIBLE Zygomatic process of temporal bone Mental foramen Zygomatic arch Temporal process of zygomatic bone Mental protuberance Lateral view
Figure 7-3d The Adult Skull Coronal suture PARIETAL BONE FRONTAL BONE SPHENOID TEMPORAL BONE Supra-orbital foramen ETHMOID Optic canal PALATINE BONE Superior orbital fissure LACRIMAL BONE Inferior orbital fissure Temporal process of zygomatic bone ZYGOMATIC BONE Mastoid process of temporal bone Infra-orbital foramen NASAL BONE Middle nasal concha (part of ethmoid) MAXILLA Perpendicular plate of ethmoid INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA Bony nasal septum VOMER MANDIBLE Mental protuberance Anterior view Mental foramen
Figure 7-3e The Adult Skull FRONTAL BONE MAXILLA ZYGOMATIC BONE VOMER SPHENOID PALATINE BONE Foreman ovale Zygomatic arch Medial and lateral pterygoid processes Styloid process Mandibular fossa Foramen lacerum Carotid canal External acoustic meatus TEMPORAL BONE Mastoid process Jugular foramen Stylomastoid foramen Lambdoid suture Occipital condyle OCCIPITAL BONE Foramen magnum External occipital protuberance Inferior view
Figure 7-4b The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull (Part 1 of 1) FRONTAL BONE Crista galli ETHMOID Cribriform plate Sella turcica Foramen rotundum SPHENOID Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum TEMPORAL BONE Carotid canal Internal acoustic meatus Foramen magnum PARIETAL BONE Jugular foramen Internal occipital crest Hypoglossal canal OCCIPITAL BONE Superior view of a horizontal section through the skull, showing the floor of the cranial cavity. Compare with part (a) and with Figure 7–3e.
Figure 7-12c The Mandible and Hyoid Bone Hyoid bone
Figure 7-15 The Skull of an Infant Coronal suture PARIETAL BONE FRONTAL BONE Sphenoidal fontanelle NASAL BONE Squamous suture Lambdoid suture MAXILLA OCCIPITAL BONE SPHENOID MANDIBLE TEMPORAL BONE Mastoid fontanelle Lateral view PARIETAL BONE FRONTAL BONE Lambdoid suture Sagittal suture Coronal suture Anterior fontanelle Frontal suture OCCIPITAL BONE FRONTAL BONE PARIETAL BONE Occipital fontanelle Superior view
Figure 7-16 The Vertebral Column Spinal Curves Vertebral Regions Primary curves develop before birth, and secondary curves after birth. Regions are defined by anatomical characteristics of individual vertebrae. The cervical curve, a secondary curve, develops as the infant learns to balance the weight of the head on the vertebrae of the neck. Cervical (7 vertebrae) The thoracic curve, a primary curve, accommodates the thoracic organs. Thoracic (12 vertebrae) The lumbar curve, a secondary curve, balances the weight of the trunk over the lower limbs; it develops with the ability to stand. Lumbar (5 vertebrae) The sacral curve, a primary curve, accommodates the abdominopelvic organs. Sacral Coccygeal
Figure 7-18b Vertebral Anatomy Superior articular process Pedicle Transverse process Vertebral body Spinous process Inferior articular facet Arrow passing through vertebral foramen Inferior articular process A lateral and slightly inferior view of a vertebra
Figure 7-18c Vertebral Anatomy Spinous process Inferior articular process Superior articular process Transverse process Pedicle Inferior articular facet Vertebral body Vertebral foramen An inferior view of a vertebra
Figure 7-18de Vertebral Anatomy Superior articular facets Superior articular process Lamina of vertebral arch Intervertebral foramen Intervertebral disc Spinous process Intervertebral disc Transverse process Vertebral body Vertebral body Inferior articular process Inferior articular facet Arrow passing through vertebral canal An posterior view of three articulated vertebrae A lateral and sectional view of three articulated vertebrae
Figure 7-19d The Cervical Vertebrae Dens of axis Anterior arch Transverse ligament Atlas (C1) Posterior arch Axis (C2) The atlas (C1) and axis (C2).
Table 7-2 Regional Differences in Vertebral Structure and Function (Part 2 of 2)
Figure 7-22a The Sacrum and Coccyx Entrance to sacral canal Articular process Sacral tuberosity Lateral sacral crest Median sacral crest Sacral hiatus Sacral cornu Coccygeal cornu A posterior view
Figure 7-23 The Thoracic Cage T1 Jugular notch Clavicular articulation 1 Manubrium 2 3 Sternum Body True ribs (ribs 1–7) 4 Xiphoid process 5 Costal cartilages 10 6 T11 T12 7 11 12 Vertebrochondral ribs (ribs 8–10) 8 9 False ribs (ribs 8–12) Floating ribs (ribs 11–12) An anterior view, showing the costal cartilages and the sternum C7 1 T1 1 2 2 T2 3 3 T3 4 4 T4 5 T5 5 True ribs (ribs 1–7) 6 6 T6 7 T7 7 T8 8 8 T9 9 9 T10 10 10 T11 False ribs (ribs 8–12) 11 11 T12 12 12 L1 A posterior view, showing the articulations of the ribs and vertebrae
Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton (Part 1 of 2) SKELETAL SYSTEM 206 AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR SKELETON 126 80 (see Figure 7–1) 2 Clavicle Pectoral girdle 4 Scapula 2 2 Humerus Upper limbs 60 2 Radius Ulna 2 Carpal bones 16 Metacarpal bones 10 28 Phalanges Pelvic girdle 2 Hip bone 2
Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton (Part 2 of 2) Femur 2 Lower limbs 60 Patella 2 Tibia 2 2 Fibula Tarsal bones 14 Metatarsal bones 10 28 Phalanges
Figure 8-2 The Right Clavicle Jugular notch Clavicle Acromial end Scapula Sternal end LATERAL MEDIAL Facet for articulation with acromion Superior view of the right clavicle. Sternal facet Acromial end MEDIAL LATERAL Costal tuberosity Conoid tubercle Sternal end The position of the clavicle within the pectoral girdle, anterior view. Inferior view of the right clavicle. Stabilizing ligaments attach to the conoid tubercle and the costal tuberosity.
Figure 8-3 The Right Scapula Superior angle Acromion Coracoid process Supraglenoid tubercle Supraspinous fossa Acromion Superior border Coracoid process Superior border Coracoid process Acromion Lateral angle Neck Spine Glenoid cavity Subscapular fossa Spine Body Infraspinous fossa Body Lateral border Medial border Medial border Lateral border Lateral border Inferior angle Inferior angle Anterior view Posterior view Lateral view
Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface
Figure 8-4b The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Head Greater tubercle Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Radial groove Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Trochlea Posterior surface
Figure 8-5 The Right Radius and Ulna Olecranon Olecranon Trochlear notch Coronoid process Radial head Proximal radioulnar joint Radial notch Neck of radius Ulnar tuberosity Radial tuberosity ULNA ULNA ULNA RADIUS Lateral view of ulna, showing trochlear notch Interosseous membrane Ulnar notch of radius Distal radio-ulnar joint Ulnar head Ulnar head Styloid process of ulna Styloid process of radius Anterior view Posterior view
Figure 8-6b Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand RADIUS ULNA Lunate Scaphold Triquetrum Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid I Capitate Hamate V IV II Metacarpal bones III Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Posterior view
Figure 8-7 The Right Hip Bone Ilium Ilium POSTERIOR ANTERIOR ANTERIOR POSTERIOR Pubis Ischium Ischium Pubis Iliac crest Auricular surface for articulation with sacrum Anterior gluteal line Anterior superior iliac spine Posterior gluteal line Iliac fossa Iliac tuberosity Inferior gluteal line Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Acetabulum Greater sciatic notch Greater sciatic notch Acetabular notch Lunate surface of acetabulum Arcuate line Superior ramus of pubis Ischial spine Ischial spine Pectineal line Lesser sciatic notch Lesser sciatic notch Pubic tubercle Ischial tuberosity Inferior ramus of pubis Ischial ramus Ischial tuberosity Obturator foramen Location of pubic symphysis Ischial ramus Right hip bone, lateral view Right hip bone, medial view
Figure 8-8a The Pelvis of an Adult Male SACRUM COCCYX ILIUM Hip bone (Figure 8–7) PUBIS ISCHIUM Iliac crest L5 Iliac fossa Sacroiliac joint ILIUM Arcuate line SACRUM PUBIS Acetabulum Pubic symphysis Pubic tubercle ISCHIUM Obturator foramen Anterior view
Figure 8-11 Bone Markings on the Right Femur Fovea capitis Neck Neck Greater trochanter Femoral head Greater trochanter Intertrochanteric crest Intertrochanteric line Lesser trochanter Gluteal tuberosity Pectineal line Linea aspera Shaft Lateral supracondylar ridge Medial supracondylar ridge Popliteal surface Patellar surface Intercondylar fossa Adductor tubercle Lateral epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Lateral condyle Lateral condyle Medial condyle Anterior surface Posterior surface
Figure 8-12a The Right Patella (a, b) and Patella with Femur (c) Patella
Figure 8-13 The Right Tibia and Fibula Articular surface of medial tibial condyle Intercondylar eminence Articular surface of lateral tibial condyle Lateral tibial condyle Medial tibial condyle Head of fibula Lateral tibial condyle Superior tibiofibular joint Tibial tuberosity Head of fibula Soleal line Anterior margin Tibia Interosseous membrane Fibula Anterior margin Interosseous membrane Cross section of tibia and fibula TIBIA TIBIA FIBULA FIBULA Medial malleolus (tibia) Inferior tibiofibular joint Lateral malleolus (fibula) Lateral malleolus (fibula) Inferior articular surface Anterior view Posterior view
Figure 8-14 Bones of the Ankle and Foot Medial cuneiform bone Talus Navicular Calcaneus Metatarsal bones Phalanges Trochlea of talus Calcaneus Talus Cuboid Navicular Cuneiform bones Lateral Transverse arch Longitudinal arch Intermediate V Medial Medial view, right foot IV III II I Phalanges Metatarsal bones Proximal Middle Hallux Distal Proximal phalanx Distal phalanx Superior view, right foot
