1 / 15

Animal Nutrition

Animal Nutrition. nutrition. Food taken in, taken apart and taken up Herbivores – plants/algae Carnivores – eat other animals Omnivores – consume animals and plants/algae Most animals are opportunistic – they will eat anything outside their diets when normal foods are not available.

cianna
Download Presentation

Animal Nutrition

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Animal Nutrition

  2. nutrition • Food taken in, taken apart and taken up • Herbivores – plants/algae • Carnivores – eat other animals • Omnivores – consume animals and plants/algae • Most animals are opportunistic – they will eat anything outside their diets when normal foods are not available.

  3. Adequate diet • Must satisfy 3 nutritional needs • Chemical energy for chemical processes • Organic building blocks for macromolecules • Essential nutrients – preassembled organic molecules and minerals • Essential fatty acids • Essential amino acids • Vitamins • minerals Malnutrition – lacking 1 or more of the essential nutrients

  4. Food processing – 3 steps • 1. ingestion – act of eating or feeding • 2. digestion – food broken down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. • 3. absorption – take up of small molecules such as amino acids and simple sugars • Elimination – undigested material passes out of the digestive system

  5. Digestion • Digestive enzymes (amylase) begin digestion in mouth. • Intracellular digestion – food vacuoles, paramecium • Extracellular digestion – • Gastrovascular cavity – hydra • Complete digestive tract – alimentary canal, mouth and anus

  6. Figure 33.8 Tongue Oral cavity Salivary glands Mouth Pharynx Salivary glands Esophagus Esophagus Stomach Liver Gallbladder Sphincter Small intestine Gall- bladder Liver Sphincter Pancreas Large intestine Pancreas Stomach Small intestine Rectum Anus Large intestine Duodenum of small intestine Rectum Anus

  7. Accessory glands of digestive system • Mouth – salivary glands (accessory) • Pancreas – endocrine gland • Liver – filters blood, produces bile • Gall bladder – stores bile, releases to S. Intestine Peristalsis – waves of contraction/relaxation to move food throughout alimentary canal. Sphincters – muscular rings that regulate passage to organs.

  8. Oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus • Oral cavity – mouth, digestion begins • Tongue – helps shapes digested food into a ball – bolus • Pharynx – splits into 2 passages • Trachea – respiratory • Esophagus – leads to stomach

  9. stomach • Stores food, begins digestion • Secretes components of a digestive fluid – gastric acid • HCL – makes pH around 2, denatures proteins • Pepsin – protein-digesting enzyme • Gastric acid does not affect cells lining stomach because of mucus released by cells • Gastric ulcers – damaged areas of stomach lining

  10. stomach • Digestion occurs by churning of food (peristalsis) about every 20 seconds. • Chyme – acidic nutrient rich broth made from food • Stomach sphincters closed during digestion • Acid reflex – chyme backflows into esophagus “heartburn”

  11. Digestion in Small Intestine • Most digestion of macromolecules from food, higher pH than stomach, trypsin enzymes • Longest part of alimentary canal, 20 feet, 6 meters • Duodenum, first 25 cm of small intestine, chyme mixes with digestive juices from pancreas, liver and gall bladder. • Bile – product of liver, contains bile salts

  12. Absorption in the small intestines • Most absorption occurs across folded surface • Villi, microvilli • Surface area is roughly the size of a tennis court! • Increase rate of absorption

  13. Absorption of large intestines • Includes the: • Colon – ascending, transverse, descending, recovers water • Cecum – pouch that ferments ingested material • Appendix – finger like extension of the human cecum, contains bacteria to break down material, accessory • Rectum – terminal portion, store feces until eliminated. Has two sphincters to regulate defecation • Irritation of lining of colon – diarrhea

  14. Dental/mutualistic adaptations • Assortment of teach reflect the diet of the animal. • Mutualistic bacteria and protists live in some digestive organs of certain animals to help with digestion. • Koala – to break down eukalyptus • Ruminant digestion – 4 chambered stomach • Rabbits/rodents – bacteria in L.I • Termites – protists to help break down cellulose

  15. Regulation of digestion • Nervous system involved by triggering of substances to be released (saliva, gastric juices) • Endocrine system – controls digestion with release of hormones released by stomach and duodenum. • Energy storage -

More Related