HBS: A Handheld Breast Cancer Detector Based on Frequency Domain Photon Migration

1. HBS: A Handheld Breast Cancer Detector Based on Frequency Domain Photon Migration • Built with • Network analyzer • Laser Driver • RF switch • Currently in clinical use at Beckman Laser Institute • Build faster, small, low-power, cost-effective reconfigurable data acquisition board and performance Bulky High cost (~$70,000) Low speed (5s per measurement) Impossible to modify for new design Small Low cost (~$3,000) Low speed (0.5s per measurement) Flexible to modify for new design University of California, Irvine

2. Computer HBS Ethernet AMP AMP AMP AMP 0~31.5dB attenuation With 0.5dB steps Laser 1 RF Switch Gain = 20dB P1dB = 15dBm 3GHz LO Mixer Laser 2 ~1GHz LO PLL VCO Power Divider Digital Attenuator LPF LPF Laser 3 IF AMP AMP Gain = 18dB P1dB = 25dBm 2GHz ~ 2.99GHz Broadband VCO1 RF Tissue Gain = 17dB P1dB = 16dBm Laser 4 16 bit controller Power Divider PLL VCO Gain = 17dB P1dB = 16dBm RF Power Divider PLL VCO Amplitude Detector Crystal Filter Phase Detector Crystal Filter LPF LPF IF LO ~45MHz 1.955GHz ~ 2.945GHz Broadband VCO2 Mixer Gain = 17dB P1dB = 16dBm RF Photo Detector LO RF Crystal Filter 3dB Atten. LPF Diplexer BPF LPF LPF IF IF LO ~1GHz ~45MHz 2.955GHz ~3GHz Gain = -10~40dB P1dB = 10dBm 45MHz BW=30kHz Mixer Mixer AMP AMP VGA Laser DC Digital RF (Radio Freq.) HBS Schematic • 50MHz ~ 1GHz signal generator • Amplitude and phase heterodyne detections University of California, Irvine

3. In Vivo Measurement • Invasive ductal carcinoma in her left breast • Left breast lesion • Size: 6.36 x 4.09cm • Depth: Approx. 0.5cm • The absorption coefficients at tumor lesion are almost 6 times higher than those at normal tissue University of California, Irvine