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Shadows and Light

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Shadows and Light

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    1. Shadows and Light By: Richard H. Audet Roger Williams University

    2. Shadows and Light For the Teacher

    3. Lesson Overview

    4. Instructional Goals Students will develop an understanding of how shadows form, how shadows change over the course of a day, and be able to explain the principles of how a sundial operates.

    5. Formative Assessment Students will be assessed on their ability to explain how a sundial can be used to tell the time of day. In their explanation, students will have to properly use all of the following terms: Shadow Gnomon Sun Compass Light Compass

    6. Opening The Lesson

    7. Opening The Lesson

    8. Developing The Lesson - 1

    9. Developing The Lesson - 2

    10. Closing The Lesson

    11. Sundial Templates

    12. Tracing a Shadow Lamp with no shade Masking tape Chair Black marker or crayon Large sheet white paper Glue Magazines Scissors Follow Your Shadow Chalk Clear paved area Animal Shadows Copy of the Animal Shadows sheet Overhead or slide projector Build Your Own Sundial Scissors Compass Scotch tape Craft knife Teacher Resources

    13. Enrichment Activities Have students complete the Animal Shadows activity. Here are two childrens books that could be used to supplement this lesson.

    14. Standardized Test Items

    15. Shadows and Light For the Student

    16. Earth and Space Science Content Standard: 7.0 Earth and Its Place in the Universe: The student will investigate the structure of the universe. Third Grade Benchmarks Learning Expectations 7.2 Recognize that there are predictable patterns which occur in the universe. Performance Indicator Teacher at Level 3, the student is able to 3.7.tpi.7. design an exploration for comparing the length of a shadow at different hours of the day. Fifth Grade Benchmarks Learning Expectations 7.1 Know that objects in space have identifiable characteristics, such as appearance, location, and apparent motion. 7.2 Investigate the patterns and movement of objects in space. Performance Indicator State at Level 3, the student is able to 4.7.spi.3 recognize that the length and position of a shadow is related to the location of the sun. Tennessee Learning Goals

    17. Student Assessment You will be assessed on your ability to explain how a sundial can be used to tell the time of day. In your explanation, you must properly use all of the following terms: Shadow Gnomon Sun Compass Light Compass

    18. Tracing a Shadow

    19. Follow Your Shadow In this lesson, you will investigate shadows and study how the position of the sun and time of day affects a shadow. 1. For this activity, you will work in pairs. All you need is a piece of chalk. 2. Sign your names on the pavement by the location you are using. - Mark an X next to your names, and stand on that X. - Mark the spot where your partner's shadow ends, and measure the length of the shadow from the X to the end of the shadow. - Mark that length and the time of day by the end of the shadow. - Make a note of the approximate position of the sun in the sky. 3. About two hours later, repeat the activity. Be sure to stand on the X in the exact same position stood in when you made the previous measurement. Mark the end point of the shadow and the time of day, as in the first step. Measure and mark the length of the second shadow. - Determine the difference in the lengths of the two shadows. - Note the approximate position of the sun in the sky. Has the sun's position changed since the first measurements were made? 4. Complete a chart showing the times, shadow lengths, and the differences among shadow lengths. Discovery Questions - Why the shadow lengths change from one time of day to another? - What caused the change in the length of your shadow? - Is there a connection between the shadow measurements and the sun's position in the sky? - How does the position of the sun affect length of the shadow? - What other objects in your school yard cast shadows? Will their shadows be affected like yours was?

    20. Build Your Own Sundial Print the sundial base and the gnomon. You will need: Scissors Compass Scotch tape Craft knife Place the main sheet on a hard surface and using the craft knife, cut down the line that says 'cut here' (ask an adult to help you). Using the scissors, carefully cut out the template for the gnomon, the triangle shape. Once you have done that, fold it along the line. Now place the gnomon inside the slit of the sundial template. You must make sure the right-angle is at the bottom of the sundial template.

    21. Build Your Own Sundial 6. Now using the tape, stick the bottom of the gnonom to the base of the sundial. The gnomon should stand up by itself, but you may need to secure it with some more tape at its base. 7. Find north with the compass - you'll need to slowly turn in a circle until the pointer points north. 8. Once you find north, place the sundial on a flat surface and line up the arrow on the top of the sundial so it points north. Make sure the sun is shining!

    22. Enrichment: Animal Shadows

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