Wedges of Separation 1850-1860

1. Wedges of Separation1850-1860

2. Senator Stephen Douglas-Illinois Senator Stephen Douglass-IllinoisSenator Stephen Douglass-Illinois

3. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

4. Senator Stephen Douglas-Illinois Senator Stephen Douglass-IllinoisSenator Stephen Douglass-Illinois

5. Kansas Civil War 1855-56Kansas Civil War 1855-56

6. “There are eleven hundred coming from Platte County to vote and it that ain’t enough we can send five thousand-enough to kill every God-damned abolitionist in the Territory”-Senator David AtchinsonMissouri

7. John Brown John Brown, perpetrator of the Pottawatomie MassacreJohn Brown, perpetrator of the Pottawatomie Massacre

9. Senator Charles Sumner Charles SumnerCharles Sumner

10. Sumner-Brooks AffairSumner-Brooks Affair

13. Dred Scott Dred ScottDred Scott

14. John Brown John BrownJohn Brown

15. “His zeal in the cause of freedom was infinitely superior to mine. Mine was as the taper light; his was as the burning sun. I could live for the slave; John Brown could die for him.”Frederick Douglass

17. “Let me tell you what is coming. You may, after the sacrifice of countless millions of treasure and hundreds of thousands of lives win Southern independence. But I doubt it, the North is determined to preserve this Union. They are not a fiery, impulsive people as you are, for they live in colder climates. But when they begin to move in a given direction…they move with the steady momentum and perseverance of almighty avalanche.” Sam Houston-1861

18. 1861-62

19. President James Buchanan President James Buchanan-1856-1860 15th president of the United StatesPresident James Buchanan-1856-1860 15th president of the United States

20. Jefferson Davis Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis

21. Anaconda Plan Union Anaconda PlanUnion Anaconda Plan

22. Results of the Anaconda Plan, 1865Results of the Anaconda Plan, 1865

23. Bull Run, VA Bull Run, MDBull Run, MD

24. “Your little army, derided for its want of arms, derided for its lack of all the essential material of war, has met the grand army of the enemy, routed it at every point, and it now flies, inglorious in retreat before our victorious columns. We have taught them a lesson in their invasion of the sacred soil of Virginia.” Jefferson Davis (CSA) after 1st Bull Run

25. CSS Virginia formerly USS MerrimacCSS Virginia formerly USS Merrimac

26. Confederate MinesConfederate Mines

27. CSS HunleyCSS Hunley

28. USS MonitorUSS Monitor

29. General George McClellan General George McClellanGeneral George McClellan

30. General Robert E. LeeCSA General Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. Lee

31. Antietam-September 17, 1862 Antietam-September 17, 1862Antietam-September 17, 1862

32. Moving towards Emancipation

33. Crittenden Resolution Passed by Congress July of 1861 War is being fought to preserve the Union, not to end slavery. Lincoln had stated as much in his First Inauguration Speech

34. First Confiscation Act-1862 Any property being used to aid the Rebellion can be seized. Example: slaves growing crops helps the Rebellion Loophole: quit fighting and the South can keep its slaves.

35. Second Confiscation Act-1862 All rebel property, regardless of its use, can be seized. Loophole: quit fighting and keep the slaves.

36. Steps Toward Emancipation March 1862-slaves who escape to Union lines will not be returned to owners. April 1862-compensated emancipation $$$$ goes into effect for Washington DC. June 1862-Territories are emancipated without compensation

37. Political consideration against Emancipation Did not want to offend the border states a. Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland 2. Offend the racist element in the North a. Did not want freed slaves to take their jobs

38. “I would do it if I were not afraid that half the officers would fling down their arms and three more States would rise. “ Lincoln-summer 1861

39. Horace Greeley Owner and editor of New York Tribune Editorial-”Prayer of 20 Million” urging immediate emancipation.

40. Lincoln’s Response “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and it is not either to save or destroy slavery.” Free none, free all, or free some and leave others enslaved. This response reflected Lincoln’s official view, not as he stated his personal view of slavery.

41. What Lincoln needs, in 1862, is a victory in the Eastern Theater of the war to help the North see the connection between ending the war and ending slavery. What victory leads to emancipation? Antietam

42. Emancipation Proclamation Issued September 22, 1862-five days after Antietam All persons engaged in Rebellion as of January 1, 1863 will have their slaves freed. This justified emancipation for military reasons. Loophole: if the South quits, they can keep their slaves.

43. Burning of the Colored Orphans Home in New York City draft riotsBurning of the Colored Orphans Home in New York City draft riots

44. New York City drat riotsNew York City drat riots

45. Lynching during New York City draft riotsLynching during New York City draft riots

46. King Cotton Diplomacy An attempt to force Britain or France to recognize the Confederacy as a nation

47. Process Create an artificial cotton shortage

49. Process Create an artificial cotton shortage Leads to higher unemployment in Britain & France

51. Process Create an artificial cotton shortage Leads to higher unemployment in Britain & France Unemployment leads to an increase in social problems such crime, prostitution, etc. These problems will force Britain and France to recognize the Confederacy and thus resume cotton shipments

52. Reasons for Failure Egyptian cotton was abundant European crop failures forced Europe to import Yankee wheat British and French working classes willing to suffer if it meant the end of slavery in the United States.

53. General George Meade General George MeadeGeneral George Meade

54. General Robert E. LeeCSA General Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. Lee

55. Gettysburg MapGettysburg Map

56. Big Round Top @ Gettysburg Big Round Top @ Gettysburg, PABig Round Top @ Gettysburg, PA

57. Little Round Top @ Gettysburg Little Round Top @ Gettysburg, PALittle Round Top @ Gettysburg, PA

58. General Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

59. Vicksburg MapVicksburg Map

60. Vicksburg CavesVicksburg Caves

61. Grant and LeeGrant and Lee

62. “We must destroy this army of Grant’s before he gets to the James River. If he gets there, it will become a siege, and then it will be a mere question of time.” Lee, June 1864 to Jubal Early

63. General William Tecumseh Sherman General William T. ShermanGeneral William T. Sherman

64. John Bell Hood John Bell HoodJohn Bell Hood

65. “Atlanta is ours and fairly won” Sherman

66. AtlantaAtlanta

67. “I will make Georgia howl.” Sherman

68. Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea

70. “We cannot change the hearts of these people of the South, but we can make war so terrible and make them so sick of war that generations will pass away before they again appeal to it.” Sherman

71. Sherman’s March to the Sea

72. Decides to live off the land 1. Sherman can cut his supply line and move his army faster. 2. Taking supplies from civilians inflicts terror on the civilian population. Union Army burns what they cannot consume.

73. Effect of Sherman’s Terror 1. Proves to Confederate citizens that their government is incapable of protecting them. 2. Increases the desertion rate of the Confederate Army as soldiers go home to protect their families.

74. 1865-The End “The deep waters are closing over us.” Mary Chestnut

75. When I learned that Sherman’s army was marching through the Salkiehatchie Swamps, making its own roads at the rate of a dozen miles per day and bringing its artillery and wagons with it, I made up my mind that there had been no such army in existence since the days of Julius Caesar.”  Joseph Johnston CSA

76. Grant and LeeGrant and Lee

77. Richmond, VA April 1865Richmond, VA April 1865

78. Richmond, VA April 1865Richmond, VA April 1865

79. Richmond, VA April 1865Richmond, VA April 1865

80. “Thank God I have lived to see this. It seems to me that I have been dreaming a horrid nightmare for four years, and now the nightmare is over.” Lincoln early April 1865

81. “The result of last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance. I regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood, by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the Confederate States Army known as the Army of Northern Virginia.” Grant April 7, 1865

82. “There is nothing left for me to do but to go and see General Grant and I would rather die a thousand deaths.” Lee, April 9, 1865

83. Wilmer McLean Wilmer McLeanWilmer McLean

84. “Boys, I have done the best I could for you. Go home now, and if you make as good citizens as you have soldiers, you will do well, and I shall always be proud of you. Goodbye, and God bless.” Lee April 9 1865

85. Lincoln’s Last Picture, April 10, 12, 13?, 1865Lincoln’s Last Picture, April 10, 12, 13?, 1865

86. John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

87. John Wilkes Booth John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

88. John Wilkes Booth John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

89. “Our country owed all our troubles to Lincoln. God made me the instrument of his punishment.” John Wilkes Booth

90. Ford’s TheaterFord’s Theater

91. Reward poster for Lincoln murderersReward poster for Lincoln murderers

92. Lincoln Murder conspiratorsLincoln Murder conspirators

93. Execution of Lincoln conspiratorsExecution of Lincoln conspirators