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Reconstruction (1865-1876). “Rebuilding the South after the Civil War”. So, why do you think it was necessary to “reconstruct” the South after the Civil War?. Abraham Lincoln. His Reconstruction Plan called for reconciliation.
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Reconstruction (1865-1876) “Rebuilding the South after the Civil War”
So, why do you think it was necessary to “reconstruct” the South after the Civil War?
Abraham Lincoln • His Reconstruction Plan called for reconciliation. • Preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South!
Robert E. Lee • Wanted the South to reconcile with the North and reunite as Americans. • Became president of Washington College (today called Washington and Lee University.
Frederick Douglass • Wanted constitutional amendments to guarantee voting rights. • Was a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties for all.
Reconstruction Vocabulary (Page 1 of 4) Chapter 17 Section 1 p.501-503 Reconstruction – the reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War. Reconcile – settling by agreement or coming together again. Amnesty – the granting of pardon to a large number of people; protection from prosecution for an illegal act. Freedmen – former enslaved people
Reconstruction Vocabulary (Page 2 of 4) Chapter 17 Section 2 & 3 p.504-512 Black Codes – a series of laws passed by Southern states aimed to control freed men and women and to enable plantation owners to exploit African American workers. Scalawags – name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South. Carpetbaggers – name given to Northern whites who moved to the South after the Civil War and supported Republican Reconstruction. They were known for traveling with their belongings in cheap suitcases made of carpet fabric.
Reconstruction Vocabulary (Page 3 of 4) Sharecropping – a system of farming in which a farmer works land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and then receives a share of the crop. Used by African Americans (former slaves). Poll Tax – a tax that had to be paid before the person would be allowed to vote. Used to prevent African Americans from voting. Literacy Test – a method used to prevent African Americans from voting by requiring them to prove they could read and write before being allowed to vote.
Reconstruction Vocabulary (Page 4 of 4) Segregation – the separation or isolation of a race, class or group. Lynching – putting to death a person by illegal action of a mob.
Carpet Baggers • White Northerners who came South to assist with Reconstruction. However, some of these Northerners took advantage of the Southern people. They were called carpetbaggers by the former Confederates.
Reconstruction Policies • Southern military leaders (former Confederates) could not hold public office. • African Americans (former slaves) could hold public office during Reconstruction and many did! • Northern soldiers supervised the South during the period of Reconstruction. • Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted full citizenship and equal rights for African Americans. It allowed Union troops to enforce the law and protect African Americans.
Freedmen’s Bureau A government agency established to help former enslaved people or “freedmen”. • distributed food and clothing • provided medical services • established schools • helped to acquire land • helped to obtain fair wages • provided transportation to find jobs
The South After Reconstruction President Rutherford B. Hayes announces the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and Federal troops are removed from the South. The “Rights” that African Americans gained during Reconstruction were lost through the “Jim Crow” laws.
The South After Reconstruction (cont.) “Jim Crow” Laws - laws passed by Southern states after Reconstruction that made discrimination against African Americans legal. examples: Poll Tax and Literacy Tests • Racial Segregation became a standard way of life in the South after Reconstruction. • Segregated schools, neighborhoods and churches • Unequal opportunities in jobs and wages • Less representation in government
The South After Reconstruction (cont.) • Violence against African Americans increases across the South after Reconstruction. • Ku Klux Klan (KKK) – an organization composed mainly of Southern whites that opposed civil rights for African Americans. The KKK was known to use violence and terror to intimidate African Americans.
The African American Response Over the many years after Reconstruction, two African American leaders emerged to improve the lives for all African Americans.
Booker T. Washington Believed that African Americans could achieve equality through vocational education; he accepted social segregation.
W.E.B. DuBois Believed that African Americans should have full political, civil and social rights. He did not support social segregation. In 1910, he is a founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). An organization devoted to the civil rights of African Americans.
On a separate sheet of scratch paper, please answer the question below. Of the three Constitutional amendments, which do you feel had the greatest impact on African Americans during Reconstruction. Please explain your answer in 2-3 sentences. 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment
