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Reconstruction (1865-1876)

Reconstruction (1865-1876). President Lincoln ’ s Plan. 10% Plan - Lenient Pardon to all but the highest ranking Confederates. When 10% of the voting pop. of 1860 takes loyalty oath and forms a government, state would rejoin union. 13 th Amendment - 1865

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Reconstruction (1865-1876)

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  1. Reconstruction (1865-1876)

  2. President Lincoln’s Plan • 10% Plan - Lenient • Pardon to all but the highest ranking Confederates. • When 10% of the voting pop. of 1860 takes loyalty oath and forms a government, state would rejoin union. • 13th Amendment - 1865 • Abolishes slavery throughout the United States • Congress has power to enforce this.

  3. Andrew Johnson’s Plan “Presidential Reconstruction” • Similar to Lincoln’s but powerful Confederates needed appeal directly to Johnson. • Pardons 13,000 former Confederates. “White men alone must rule the South.”

  4. Black Codes • Laws restricting rights of free blacks • Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers[tenant farmers].

  5. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) • Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen. • Called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrats. • Southern Republicans called “Scalawags”

  6. Congress Breaks with the President • 1866  Presidentvetoed the Freedmen’sBureau & Civil Rights Act. • Congress passed both bills over Johnson’s vetoes  1st in U. S. history!!

  7. Congressional Plan (Radical Republicans) Charles Sumner – remember me? • Reconstruction Act of 1867 • set up five military districts in the South. • required southern states to give black men the vote to be re-admitted to the Union. • required southern states to ratify the 14th amendment to be re-admitted to the Union.

  8. 14th Amendment • Ratified in July, 1868. • Essentially gives citizenship rights to blacks (but men only)

  9. Hottest ticket in town Impeachment of Andrew Johnson How to (almost) dump a president Congress sets a trap - the Tenure of Office Act Johnson falls for it - removes Secretary of War Stanton Johnson impeached by the House of Representatives Senate one vote short of conviction

  10. The Presidential Election of 1868 • Ulysses S. Grant won by only 306,000 votes • He only won due to victory in southern states- How? • More than 500,000 first-time black voters supported him

  11. Blacks in Southern Politics • The 15th Amendment guaranteed blacks federal voting rights. 15 Black members of The House of Reps & 1 Senator - Hiram Revels of Mississippi

  12. 1876 Presidential Tickets

  13. 1876 Presidential Election Who is the winner?

  14. Collapse of Reconstruction Reasons for Collapse Active opposition KKK - terrorism Bank collapse Panic & Depression of 1873 Less federal government support Amnesty Act 1872 Result of Collapse Democrats take over southern state governments Deal to elect Hayes if end military presence Effective roll-back of Civil Rights

  15. A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877 Republicans & Rutherford Hayes Get the Presidency What do the Democrats Get?

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