How were the aggression policies heightened in the year 1938?

1. How were the aggression policies heightened in the year 1938? By: Lindsey Peterson & Keri Rogan

2. The Anschluss-German Annexation of Austria What did it mean for Austrian Jews? • They became victims of anti-Semitism • Didn’t have many options to help themselves Why was it successful? • Most Austrians did not oppose the invasion • Anti-Semitism within Austria was heightened • Gave Austrian gentiles the opportunity to turn against their Jewish neighbors • Many European and international powers did not try to stop Germany

3. The Sudetenland Crisis Why did Hitler target the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia? • First target of his planned expansion • Ethnic German minority used to generate a crisis What was the crisis? • Nazis from Germany encouraged Ethnic Germans to express their discontent • Hitler planned to rescue the ethnic Germans • Czechs mobilized their forces and asked the British and French for help • At the Munich Conference, it was decided that Czechoslovakia should cede the Sudetenland to Germany because it contained a substantial ethnic German population

4. The Sudetenland Crisis Did failure at Munich cause the second world war? • A harder line from Chamberlain, an “appeaser”’,would have melted Nazi aggression? • Hitler was set on war • He felt cheated with a negotiated settlement giving Germany control of the Sudetenland • In 1939, German troops entered the rest of Czechoslovakia and on Hitler’s demand the state was dismembered • With the destruction of Czechoslovakia, Germany attained lands it never controlled before • Hitler was not satisfied Ethnic Germans in the Sudetenland greeting Hitler as he crossed the border

5. Kristallnacht“The Night of Broken Glass” Where did this pogram get it’s name? • Thousands of Jewish synagogues and homes were damaged or destroyed • Windows of Jewish businesses were smashed What were the reasons? • Herschel Grynszpan shot a German official-good excuse for assaulting the Jews • To show their hatred of the Jews • Nazis thought it would correct the economic injustices in Germany • An essential step to prepare for a profitable war

6. Kristallnacht“The Night of Broken Glass” Germans response? • Many civilians joined in • Others disapproved it • Some Germans thought the pogram was disruptive, and it made too big of a mess Jews response? • Approximately three hundred thousand Jews left Germany and went to other countries (Poland, the Netherlands and France)

7. The Expansion of the Concentration Camp System How did Kristallnacht lead to the expansion of the camps? • Nazi authorities sent 26 thousand men into concentration camps and killed another 100 • The men from the Kristallnacht pogram were the first German Jews arrested only for being Jewish Buchenwald-Jews arrested at Kristallnacht line up for rolecall

8. The Expansion of the Concentration Camp System • How did the camps reflect the regime’s ideological goals? • A place to put “troublemakers” and rejuvenation of law and order • Centralization of power under the nazis did not lessen the pain and suffering of its targets • Routinization-authorities were more aggressive/”gung ho” with their arrests Dachau concentration camp