THE THIRTEEN BRITISH COLONIES

1. THE THIRTEEN BRITISH COLONIES U.S. HISTORY A CHAPTER 2

2. Jamestown: A Colony Survives INFOGRAPHIC Infographic: Jamestown: A Colony Survives

3. JAMESTOWN1607 • SETTLED BY THE VIRGINIA COMPANY, A JOINT STOCK COMPANY, THIS IS A GROUP OF MERCHANTS THAT GOT TOGETHER TO SETTLE THE COLONY. THEY WANTED TO MAKE MONEY.$$$ • TO DO THIS THEY GOT A CHARTER FROM THE KING, THAT IS PERMISSION TO SETTLE.

4. IN RETURN FOR THE CHARTER, THE KING GOT PART OF THE PROFITS. • SETTLED AFTER THE FAILURE OF ROANOKE • JAMESTOWN IS THE FIRST PERMANENT BRITISH SETTLEMENT. • IT HAD SOME PROBLEMS: • POOR LOCATION, SWAMPY WITH MALARIA CARRYING MOSQUITOES • TOO MANY GENTLEMEN AND NOT ENOUGH WORKERS

5. JOHN SMITH, POCAHONTAS & JOHN ROLFE • WHEN THEY LANDED THERE • WERE 140 MEN!! • IN THE SPRING WHEN THE • SHIP SAILED THEY LEFT, • 104 MEN! • JOHN SMITH FORCED HIS WAY INTO CONTROL • HE MADE FRIENDS WITH THE INDIANS JOHN SMITH

6. HE GOT FOOD FROM THE INDIANS. HE MADE FRIENDS WITH POWAHATAN AND HIS DAUGHTER, POCAHONTAS. • WHEN JOHN SMITH MET POCAHONTAS SHE WAS 10-12 YEARS OLD!!!! BESIDES, JOHN SMITH WAS ALREADY MARRIED WHEN HE WENT RUNNING THROUGH THE WOODS SINGING TO THE BLUE CORN MOON!!

7. ANYWAY, POCAHONTAS SAVED JAMESTOWN BY VISITING AND BRING THEM FOOD. • JOHN SMITH IS INJURED AND IN 1609 HE RETURNED TO ENGLAND. • IT IS AT THIS POINT THAT 400 MORE SETTLERS ARRIVED IN JAMESTOWN. • BUT, THE WINTER OF 1609-1610 IS CALLED THE STARVING TIME. B/C THEY WERE STARVING AND DYING IN HUGE NUMBERS. • BY THE TIME SPRING ARRIVED, ONLY 60 PEOPLE REMAINED ALIVE. THERE ARE STORIES OF CANNIBALISM!

8. WHEN POCAHONTAS MARRIED JOHN ROLFE AND WAS BAPTIZED SHE CHANGED HER NAME TO REBECCA. • SHE AND JOHN ROLFE HAD A SON. • WHEN POCAHONTAS MARRIED JOHN ROLFE AND WAS • BAPTIZED SHE CHANGED • HER NAME • TO REBECCA. • SHE AND JOHN ROLFE • HAD A SON.

9. JOHN ROLFE BROUGHT A MILDER FORM OF TOBACCO AND SAVED THE DAY AT JAMESTOWN. IT WAS MORE POPULAR. SO, THEY MADE MORE MONEY.

10. IN 1616, POCAHONTAS TRAVELED TO ENGLAND WITH HER HUSBAND, JOHN ROLFE. • SHE MET THE KING, SHE TALKED WITH JOHN SMITH. • IN 1617, SHE WAS ON HER WAY HOME, SHE GOT SICK. THEY TOOK HER ASHORE AND SHE DIED. • IT IS NOT DEFINITE IF SHE DIED OF TB, PNEUMONIA, OR SMALLPOX

11. THE POPULATION OF JAMESTOWN GREW B/C OF THE HEADRIGHT SYSTEM. THIS SYSTEM GAVE A MAN 50 ACRES FOR HIMSELF AND EACH PERSON HE BROUGHT TO THE NEW WORLD. • MANY OF THOSE THAT CAME WERE INDENTURED SERVANTS. AN INDENTURED SERVANT IS LIKE A TEMPORARY SLAVE. THE TRADITIONAL NUMBER OF YEARS OF SERVITUDE WAS SEVEN. AFTER THAT, THEY WERE FREE

12. TWO IMPORTANT EVENTS IN 1619: • 1. JULY 30, THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES WAS ELECTED. THIS IS THE FIRST REPRESENTATIVE FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN COLONIAL AMERICA. • 2. THE FIRST SLAVES ARRIVED IN JAMESTOWN ON BOARD A DUTCH SHIP. • THEN, IN 1624: • VIRGINIA BECAME A ROYAL COLONY. B/C THE VIRGINIA COMPANY WENT BANKRUPT.

13. THE PURITANS ARRIVE IN 1620 • THE PURITANS WANTED TO PURIFY THE ANGLICAN CHURCH. • THE SEPARATISTS ARE PURITANS THAT BELIEVED THEY SHOULD BREAK AWAY FROM THE ANGLICAN CHURCH. • THEY CAME ON BOARD THE MAYFLOWER. THEY CALLED THEMSELVES THE PILGRIMS. THEY GOT THIS NAME FROM THE BIBLE. • BEFORE GETTING OFF THE SHIP THEY SIGNED THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT

14. BEFORE GETTING OFF THE SHIP THEY SIGNED THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT, THE FIRST WRITTEN FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN THE COLONIES. WHO SIGNED THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT? ONLY THE FREE MEN!!

15. THE PILGRIMS ARRIVED AT THE BEGINNING OF NEW ENGLAND’S WINTER. HALF OF THEM DIED IN THE FIRST 2 OR 3 MONTHS!!! • IN SPRING THE REMAINING PILGRIMS WERE PLANTING THEIR GARDENS WHEN… • THEY MET SAMOSET AND SQUANTO!

16. SQUANTO, WHO SPOKE ENGLISH, BEGAN TO HELP THE PILGRIMS. • HE TAUGHT THEM HOW TO PLANT & COOK CORN. HE ALSO TAUGHT THEM HOW TO CATCH THE BEST FISH AND GATHER CLAMS.

17. THANKSGIVING DAY 1621 • 3 DAY FEAST • INVITED THE INDIANS • THEY ATE SQUASH, BEANS, CORN, TURKEY, DUCK, & GEESE. • THE INDIANS BROUGHT 4 DEER. • THEY ALSO ATE EEL AND FISH. • PRESIDENT LINCOLN MADE THANKSGIVING A NATIONAL HOLIDAY. • IT WAS PRESIDENT F. D. ROOSEVELT THAT MADE IT THE 4TH THURSDAY IN NOVEMBER.

18. F.Y.I.: • PURITANS APPLIED THEIR RELIGION TO THEIR DAILY LIFE AND TO THEIR GOVERNMENT • APPROXIMATELY 50,000 LEFT ENGLAND AND MIGRATED TO THE NEW WORLD • PLYMOUTH ROCK COLONY IS ABSORBED BY THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY. • MASS. BAY BECAME THE “MOTHER OF OTHER NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • PURITANS WERE NOT RELIGIOUSLY TOLERANT OF OTHER FAITHS.

19. MASSACHUSETTS BAY : • WAS FOUNDED BY A JOINT STOCK COMPANY • ONE FOUNDER WAS JOHN WINTHROP • HE BECAME THE FAMOUS GOVERNOR OF THE COLONY • THEY WERE ORGANIZED AND DID NOT HAVE A STARVING TIME • BOSTON BECAME A THRIVING TOWN AND THE CAPITAL

20. PROPRIETARY COLONIES, THESE COLONIES MEANT THAT THE PERSONS RECEIVING THE CHARTER WERE THE OWNERS, OR THE PROPRIETORS. MOST OF THESE WERE LATER TAKEN OVER BY THE KING. PROPRIETARY COLONIES COULD COLLECT RENT FROM THEIR COLONISTS. • NEW NETHERLAND, (WHICH BECAME NEW YORK), Delaware, North Carolina & SOUTH CAROLINA, NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA, • GEORGIA, NEW HAMPSHIRE WERE PROPRIETARY COLONIES

21. PURITANS FROM MASSACHUSETTS SET UP NEW HAMPSHIRE, CONNECTICUT, & RHODE ISLAND: • RHODE ISLAND WAS FOUNDED BY ROGER WILLIAMS A SEPARATIST MINISTER. HE DISAGREED WITH THE LEADERS. HE SAID THE ENGLISH SETTLERS DID NOT HAVE RIGHTS TO THE LAND UNLESS THEY BOUGHT THE LAND. • THE PURITAN LEADERS FELT THIS WAS HERESY, THIS IS A BELIEF OPPOSED TO THEIR ESTABLISHED VIEW OR DOCTRINES

22. ROGER WILLIAMS IS BANISHED AND HE ESTABLISHED RHODE ISLAND. IT RECEIVED A CHARTER IS 1644. • IT PROVIDED THE SEPARATION OF CHURCH & STATE. • IT GAVE ALL CHRISTIAN GROUPS FREEDOM OF WORSHIP. • ANNE HUTCHINSON CAME TO RHODE ISLAND WHEN SHE WAS BANNED FROM BOSTON FOR LEADING RELIGIOUS DISCUSSION IN HER HOME.

23. CONNECTICUT: • THOMAS HOOKER LED PEOPLE INTO CONNECTICUT VALLEY IN 16 39 • THEY ADOPTED THE FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT. THIS IS THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL WRITTEN CONSTITUTION IN THE COLONIES • IT PERMITTED ALL LOYAL MALE CITIZENS WHO OWNED PROPERTY TO VOTE. THE ELECTED AN ASSEMBLY AND A GOVERNOR. • THIS IMPLIED THAT GOVERNMENT RESTS UPON THE CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED AND IT SHOULD EXPRESS THE WILL OF THE MAJORITY.

24. AT THE SAME TIME THE PURITANS WERE SETTLING IN NEW ENGLAND: • THE DUTCH SETTLED NEW NETHERLAND/NEW AMSTERDAM • THE DUTCH NEVER MIGRATED IN LARGE NUMBERS TO AMERICA LIKE THE ENGLISH. IN 1664, NEW AMSTERDAM WAS TAKEN OVER BY THE ENGLISH AND RENAMED IT NEW YORK (THE DUKE OF YORK WAS THE KING’S BROTHER)

25. WHEN JAMES I DIED, HIS SON CHARLES I MARRIED A CATHOLIC! ALSO, ONE OF THE MAJOR PEOPLE IN HIS COURT WAS A CATHOLIC, SIR GEORGE CALVERT. • CALVERT WANTED TO PROFIT FROM HAVING A COLONY AND HE WANTED TO ESTABLISH A HAVEN FOR ENGLISH CATHOLICS. • SO, CHARLES I GAVE HIM MARYLAND. HE • IT IS NAMED AFTER THE KING’S WIFE, MARIA • .

26. MARYLAND: • CALVERT’S SON, LORD BALTIMORE ORGANIZED THE SETTLEMENT. THEY LEFT FOR CHESAPEAKE BAY IN 1633. • THEY DID NOT HAVE A STARVING TIME • 1649, THEY PASSED THE TOLERATION ACT WHICH PROVIDED FOR FREEDOM OF RELIGION. • TOBACCO RAISING WAS PROFITABLE • THIS CREATED A DEMAND FOR INDENTURED SERVANTS AND SLAVES

27. 1638 NEW HAMPSHIRE: SETTLED CHIEFLY BY COLONISTS WHO LEFT MASSACHUSETTS FOR POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS, AND ECONOMIC REASONS. IN 1679 NEW HAMPSHIRE RECEIVED ITS OWN CHARTER AS A ROYAL COLONY

28. PENNSYLVANIA WAS A GIFT TO WILLIAM PENN. HIS FATHER HAD SUPPORTED THE KING IN THE POWER STRUGGLE BACK IN ENGLAND. • WILLIAM PENN WAS A QUAKER. HE ESTABLISHED PENNSYLVANIA AS A REFUGE FOR THE QUAKERS, A HOLY EXPERIMENT • PENN OFFERED RELIGIOUS TOLERATION TO THE SETTLERS • QUAKERS WERE PACIFISTS • QUAKERS TREATED THE INDIANS FAIRLY • PHILADELPHIA PROSPERED AND COMPETED WITH BOSTON

29. THE CAROLINAS: • THE FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENT WAS NAMED FOR KING CHARLES, CHARLESTON • THE WEATHER WAS TOO WARM FOR TOBACCO, SO THEY GREW RICE. LATER THE COLONY SPLIT INTO NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA • BOTH COLONIES WERE ROYAL COLONIES

30. DELAWARE: • AT FIRST IT WAS PART OF PENNSYLVANIA • IT SEPARATED FROM PENNSYLVANIA DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. • THIS COLONY WAS TAKEN BY THE DUTCH FROM THE SWEDISH IN 1655 • TAKEN BY THE ENGLISH FROM THE DUTCH IN 1664

31. NEW JERSEY • ESTABLISHED IN 1664 WHEN THE DUKE OF YORK TURNED OVER THE LANDS BETWEEN THE HUDSON AND THE DELAWARE RIVER • HE DIVIDED IT INTO EAST AND WEST JERSEY • IT MERGED INTO NEW JERSEY IN 1702

32. GEORGIA • THE LAST OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES • NAMED AFTER GEORGE II • FOUNDED BY JAMES OGLETHORPE • IT WAS A REFUGE FOR DEBTORS • IT WAS A BUFFER ZONE BETWEEN THE COLONIES AND THE SPANISH AND THE INDIANS IN FLORIDA

33. SALEM WITCH TRIALS 1692 • IN MASSACHUSETTS • AN EXAMPLE OF MASS HYSTERIA IN SALEM • 2 GIRLS JOKING ACCUSED A SLAVE OF BEING A WITCH • THE ACCUSATIONS MULTIPLIED UNTIL TRIALS AND EXECUTIONS • 19 WERE HANGED FOR BEING WITCHES • ONE MAN WAS CRUSHED TO DEATH • ONE POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR THIS HYSTERIA WAS THE RYE, THEY USED TO MAKE THEIR BREAD MIGHT POSSIBLY HAVE BEEN BAD

34. THEY RYE PROBABLY HAD ERGOT FUNGUS AND IF EATEN THIS CAUSES HALLUCINATIONS, CONVULSIONS, AND TINGLING SENSATIONS. THIS HYSTERIA ENDED ABRUPTLY WHEN THE GOVERNOR PAID A VISIT AND TOLD THEM IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE FOR HALF THEIR TOWN TO BE WITCHES!!

35. THE PEQUOT WAR: • DISPUTES BETWEEN THE PURITANS AND THE INDIANS AROSE OVER: • 1. LAND • 2. CHRISTIANITY

36. Salem Witch Trials TRANSPARENCY Transparency: Salem Witch Trials

37. Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas

38. INDIANS AND THE PURITANS DISAGREED ABOUT LAND OWNERSHIP. INDIANS FELT THE ENTIRE TRIBE OWNED THE LAND PURITANS/SETTLERS FELT THE LAND COULD BE BOUGHT AND DIVIDED UP PLUS, THE PURITANS TRIED TO CHRISTIANIZE THE INDIANS

39. SO, THE PEQUOT WAR 1637 THE PEQUOTS DECIDED TO FIGHT THE PURITANS THIS WAR ENDED WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF THE PEQUOT NATIONS THE PEQUOTS WERE INSIDE THEIR FORT AND THE PURITANS SET IT ON FIRE AND SHOT ANYONE THAT TRIED TO ESCAPE. OUT OF 400 PEQUOTS ONLY 7 SURVIVED.

40. THE PEQUOT WAR SHOCKED EVERYONE! NO MORE INDIAN WARS FOR 40 YEARS! KING PHILIP’S WAR: 1675, THE WAMPANOAGS, ALGONQUINS, NARRAGANSETTS AND THE NIPMUCKS JOINED TOGETHER TO GET THE SETTLERS OUT OF THEIR LANDS. THEIR LEADER WAS METACOM, THE ENGLISH CALLED HIM KING PHILIP B/C HE LIKED TO DRESS IN FANCY CLOTHES. THE INDIANS ATTACKED 20 FROM BOSTON

41. BUT, IN THE END, THE INDIANS LOST. THE ENGLISH KILLED MANY INDIANS, EVEN FRIENDLY INDIANS! METACOM, CHIEF PHILIP, WAS KILLED AND HIS HEAD STUCK ON A FENCE POST FOR 20 YEARS!!!! BEFORE THIS WAR THERE WERE 92 PURITAN TOWNS, AFTER THE WAR THERE WERE ONLY 52 TOWNS.

42. Life in the Colonies TRANSPARENCY Transparency: Life in the colonies

43. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • HARSH CLIMATE AND ROCKY SOIL MADE FARMING DIFFICULT • LED TO A DIVERSIFIED ECONOMY • PROFITABLE FISHING INDUSTRY INCLUDED WHALING • SHIPBUILDING AND TRADE • SOME SMALL SCALE MANUFACTURING

44. Reading Skill: Identifying Main Ideas and Details NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas And Details

45. MIDDLE COLONIES • THIS AREA IS CALLED THE COLONIAL BREAD BASKET • B/C IT CLIMATE AND SOIL PRODUCED A GRAIN SURPLUS • RIVERS AND PORTS PROVIDED ACCESS TO THE BACK COUNTRY AND TO OVERSEAS COMMERCE • MERCHANTS AND ARTISAN FLOURISHED • WAS MORE ETHNICALLY & RELIGIOUSLY DIVERSE THAN NEW ENGLAND

46. Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas

47. SOUTHERN COLONIES • FAVORABLE CLIMATE AND ABUNDANT LAND, THE PLANTATION SYSTEM DEVELOPED • STAPLE EXPORT CROPS WERE GROWN ON LARGE ESTATES, • THE GREW TOBACCO, RICE, AND INDIGO

48. THE COLONISTS ESTABLISH DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS: • VIRGINIA HOUSE OF BURGESSES • MAYFLOWER COMPACT • NEW ENGLAND TOWN MEETINGS, THE FREEMEN WOULD GET TOGETHER AND CONDUCT THE TOWN’S BUSINESS • FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT

49. ROYAL COLONIES • THE MONARCH SELECTED THE GOVERNOR AND EXCEPT FOR MASSACHUSETTS, APPOINTED THE MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNOR’S COUNCIL.

50. Reading Skill: Summarizing NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Summarizing