THE THIRTEEN COLONIES

1. THE THIRTEEN COLONIES England plants colonies in North America

2. Key Vocabulary (page 60) Sir Walter Raleigh * Join-Stock co. Mercantilism * House of Burgess Jamestown * Royal Colony John Smith Indentured Servant Charter Investor

3. Sir Walter Raleigh • Named the land in North America he claimed for England Virginia • For Queen Elizabeth-the “virgin queen” • Planted the first English Colony on Roanoke Island (off the coast of what is now North Carolina)

4. 1585 Roanoke Colony “The Lost Colony”

5. Joint Stock Company • originally funded and maintained English colonies • Several investors who pooled their wealth in support of a colony • Business venture for profit

6. CHARTER • an official permit to start a colony from the English monarch who was entitled to a portion of the profits

7. COLONY # 1 VIRGINIA

8. FIRST LASTING SETTLEMENT • Jamestown • FOUNDED • 1607 • LEADER • John Smith

9. Jamestown Intro Video (2 min)

10. Virginia Company • Joint Stock Company that funded the settlement of Jamestown • Charter from King James I • Jamestown, James River , etc… named for the king

11. John Smith – Was He the Right Man for the Job? • Became a leader of the Jamestown colony its first winter at age 28 • “If any would not work, neither should he eat.” • Developed a relationship with the Powhatan tribe • Left Jamestown 1607 : gunpowder accident

12. 1619: The House of Burgesses • An elected legislative body • Burgess = a person invested with all the privileges of a citizen • Male landowners over age 17 eligible to vote for representatives • First seed of American democracy

13. The Starving Time : Jamestown Nightmare1609-10 • 1609 – 600 new colonists • 1610- only 60 survive • Some accounts of cannibalism • “Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves. • Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming. • “sharp prick of hunger which no man can truly describe but he who hath tasted the bitterness thereof.”- CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY –governor of Jamestown

14. Starving Time – Quick Facts • The “Starving Time”: • 1607: 104 colonists • By spring, 1608: 38 survived • 1609: 300 more immigrants • By spring, 1610: 60 survived • 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants • 1624 population: 1,200 • Adult life expectancy: 40 years • Death of children before age 5: 80%

15. Pocahontas • daughter of Chief Powhatan • defends the life of John Smith • marries John Rolfe

16. John Rolfe • Created a strain of tobacco that could become a cash crop for the Jamestown colonists

17. Tobacco Economy required a labor force • HEADRIGHT SYSTEM (1618) • Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage they paid.

18. Indentured Servitude • INDENTURED SERVANTS • 5-7 years. • Promised “freedom dues” [land, £] • Forbidden to marry. • 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!

19. Jamestown Economy (2 min)

20. Early Colonial Tobacco 1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco. 1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco. 1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco. 1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

21. 17c Populationin the Chesapeake WHY this large increase in black popul.??

22. The Atlantic Slave Trade

23. The “Middle Passage”

24. Review Questions Why did the Early Colonies fail? By using the map on pg. 62, how did the colonies enrich a nation? What made the first years of Jamestown Settlement difficult? Contrast the difference between an indentured servant and a slave. After declaring Virginia a royal colony, what action did James I take?

25. Continued What would you think would happen if, for several years, your family collected less money than it paid for goods? How might such a situation affect a nation? How did the experiences of the early colonists shape America’s political and social ideals?

26. COLONY # 2 MASSACHUSETTS

27. FIRST SETTLEMENT • Plymouth • FOUNDED • 1620

28. English Reformation (why puritans came to America) • 16th century movement for religious reform • Led to the founding of churches that rejected the Pope’s authority • Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England (Anglican Church)

29. Puritans • A group in England who wanted to reform the Church of England • Wanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Catholicism

30. Separatists • Puritans who opposed those who wanted to reform the Church of England from within and wanted to form their own separate congregations

31. Pilgrims • Separatists who fled England to escape persecution • Holland • North America

32. Mayflower Compact • 1620 • Considered the first written constitution in North America • Radical idea • Government depends on the consent of the governed

33. SECOND SETTLEMENT • BOSTON • FOUNDED • 1630 • LEADER • JOHN WINTHROP

34. Massachusetts Bay Company • Joint Stock company that funded the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony • Boston – capital city

35. Great Puritan Migration • 1629-1642 • Over 14,000 settlers , mainly Puritans , arrived brought over by the Massachusetts Bay Company fleeing religious persecution against Puritans under King Charles I • Plymouth Colony incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony

36. COLONY # 6 RHODE ISLAND 1636

37. RHODE ISLAND • FIRST SETTLEMENT • Providence • FOUNDED • 1636 • LEADER • Roger Williams

38. Roger Williams • Puritan who was tolerant of other religions • Did not believe in killing or punishing people in the name of Christianity • Did not believe in a tax supported church • Supported separation of church and state • Indian land should be paid for • Banished from MBC for his beliefs

39. Roger Williams • Bought land from the Native Americans to start the colony • Narranganset Indians helped him when he was banished • Based on “freedom of conscience” • Attracted Quakers, Catholics, Jews

40. Roger Williams " We may praise him .. for his defense of religious liberty and the separation of church and state . He deserves the tribute … but it falls short of the man. His greatness was simpler. He dared to think. " - Edmund Morgan who wrote a book about Roger Williams

41. Ann Hutchinson • Religious dissenter (like Roger Williams) • Put on trial for her beliefs • Banished from the MBC • Fled to RI and later to NY

42. Chronological Order • Protestant Reformation • Founding of the Plymouth Colony • The Great Puritan Migration • Founding of Rhode Island

43. COLONY # 3 NEW HAMPSHIRE 1623

44. NEW HAMPSHIRE • FIRST SETTLEMENT • Exeter • FOUNDED • 1623 • LEADER • John Wheelwright

45. COLONY # 4 CONNECTICUT 1636

46. CONNECTICUT • FIRST SETTLEMENT • Hartford • FOUNDED • 1636 • LEADER • Thomas Hooker

47. Fundamental Orders • 1639 • A constitution governing colonial Connecticut • Establishing a democratic state controlled by “substantial” citizens

48. COLONY # 5 MARYLAND 1632

49. MARYLAND • FIRST SETTLEMENT • St. Mary’s • FOUNDED • 1632 • LEADER • George Calvert –the first Lord Baltimore

50. Lord Baltimore • Catholic Englishman • Founded the Maryland colony on the idea of religious freedom where Protestants and Catholics could live together in peace