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World War I

World War I. Reasons for WWI. M- Militarism A- Alliances I- Imperialism N- Nationalism. What was the “spark” that ignited the Great War ?.

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World War I

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  1. World War I

  2. Reasons for WWI • M- Militarism • A- Alliances • I- Imperialism • N- Nationalism

  3. What was the “spark” that ignited the Great War? One day in 1914, the prince of Austria Hungary, Archiduke Ferdinand, was shot and killed by a person from Serbia (Gavrillo Princip). The Austria-Hungarian army attacked Serbia, which was one of the Allies. Now the Allies had to keep their promise to help Serbia fight. All of the Central Powers had to keep their promise to help Austria-Hungary fight. World War I had begun.

  4. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophie Ferdinand

  5. Franz and Sophie

  6. Countries Involved: Allies (Triple Entente) • Serbia • Russia • Great Britain • France

  7. Countries Involved: Central Powers (Triple Alliance) • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Bulgaria • Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

  8. Europe in World War I

  9. Trench Warfare

  10. Trench Foot

  11. Trench Foot

  12. Trench Foot

  13. No-Man’s Land

  14. No-Man’s Land

  15. No-Man’s Land

  16. New Weapons: U-Boats

  17. New Weapons: Airplanes

  18. New Weapons: Zeppelins

  19. New Weapons: Tanks

  20. New Weapons: Machine Guns

  21. New Weapons: Mustard Gas

  22. Gas Masks

  23. Soldiers on Both Sides

  24. Battle of the Marne • German army wanted to defeat France • Germans went through Belgium and were slowed down by the resistance • Germany got within 25 miles of Paris • French stopped Germans at Marne River • French and German troops faced each other along a battle line called the western front

  25. The Western Front

  26. Eastern Front

  27. The Role of the U.S. • From 1914 to 1917, the U.S. remains neutral • This stance helps Woodrow Wilson get re-elected • The U.S. trades with the Allied Powers- this makes Germany upset with U.S.

  28. The End of Diplomatic Relations • Germans used u-boat attacks to stop American supplies from reaching Allies • 1915- Germans sank the Lusitania, which fueled anti-German feelings

  29. Russia Leaves the War • The Bolsheviks, who were communists, overthrow the Russian government • The Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Lenin • 1918- the Russians signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers

  30. Smash the Stalemate • From the beginning of the war (1914), to 1917, neither the Allied Powers or the Central powers could win a decisive battle- this is called a stalemate • After Russia leaves the war in 1917, Germany plans to smash the stalemate

  31. United States Enters WWI

  32. The Zimmerman Note • Germany sent a secret telegram to Mexico- it stated that if Mexico declare an alliance against the U.S.; in return, Germany would help Mexico recover lands lost in Mexican-American War

  33. U.S. Mobilizes for War • Selective Service Act is passed in Congress- men between 21 and 30 can be drafted • War Industries Board meets war demand • Raise taxes and issue liberty bonds

  34. U.S. Enters the War • General John J. Pershing leads the U.S. troops, known as the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) • Unlike European soldiers who were fighting for three years, Americans were energetic and fresh • U.S. stopped Germans at Belleau Wood and drove Germans back

  35. Helping at Home • “Victory gardens” • Women join workforce • People from South move to the North to work in industrial cities • National War Labor Board

  36. Armistice • Germany is tired of fighting, many people are dead/dying • Kaiser Wilhelm sees that Germany is beaten, gives up throne and flees to Netherlands • Truce went into effect November 1918

  37. Outcome of WWI Casualties: • 5 million Allied soldiers dead • 3.5 million soldiers from Central Powers dead • 20 million wounded • 116,000 U.S. soldiers dead; 200,000 wounded

  38. Outcome of WWI Financial losses: • Property worth $30 billion had been destroyed • Allies spent $145 billion; Central Powers spent $63 billion • European countries in debt to U.S. • Buildings uninhabitable and farm land destroyed food shortages

  39. Outcome of WWI Flu epidemic: • Flu broke out in 1918- killed 30 million people over two years; killed more people than the war itself • Started in army camp in Kansas, then spread to Europe from soldiers

  40. Peace Agreement Wilson’s Fourteen Points: • List of proposals for postwar peace • Settle disputes (borders, tariffs, etc.) • Self-determination- right of people to choose political status • League of Nations- encourage democracy

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