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The Urinary System

The Urinary System. LT: I can identify the different parts of the urinary system and explain their function. General Functions. Filtration Storage and excretion of waste (urea, uric acid) Production of hormones (blood pressure, volume) Homeostasis Na+, K+ pH (H+, bicarbonate ions)

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The Urinary System

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  1. The Urinary System LT: I can identify the different parts of the urinary system and explain their function.

  2. General Functions • Filtration • Storage and excretion of waste (urea, uric acid) • Production of hormones (blood pressure, volume) • Homeostasis • Na+, K+ • pH (H+, bicarbonate ions) • Blood pressure

  3. Structures and Function • Kidney • Location- posterior wall of abdominal cavity • Filtration • Production of urine • Right Kidney lower to accommodate the liver

  4. Structures and Function • Ureter • Structure- narrow long tubes with expanded upper end • Function- drain urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder

  5. Structures and Function • Urinary Bladder • Structure • Elastic muscular organ • Lining arranged in rugae • Function- stores urine before voiding

  6. Structures and Function • Urethra • Structure • Narrow short tube • Lined with mucous membrane • Urinary meatus • Function- passageway for urine to leave bladder

  7. A D B E C

  8. Kidney Structures and Function • Renal Cortex • Superficial layer of kidney • Renal Medulla • Inner layer of the kidney

  9. Kidney Structures and Function • Minor Calyx • Structure • Cup shaped cavity • Base of renal papillae • Function- drains urine from the renal papillae into major calyx

  10. Kidney Structures and function • Renal Pelvis • Structure • Funnel shaped cavity • Formed by convergence of calyces • Function- collect urine from major calyces and joins ureter

  11. Kidney Structures and Function • Renal Pyramid • Structure • Darker conical region • Renal medulla • Function- house tubules of nephrons

  12. Kidney Structures and Function • Renal Vein • Carries unoxygenated and filtered blood from the kidney to the inferior vena cava

  13. Kidney Structures and Function • Major Calyx • Structure • Cavity formed by convergence of minor calyces • Function- drain urine from minor calyces into renal pelvis

  14. Kidney Structures and Function • Renal Capsule • Connective tissue covering the external surface of the kidney

  15. 1. 8. 2. 3. 4. 9. 5. 6. 10. 7.

  16. Lab Reflection • What was the purpose of the dialysis lab? • What is dialysate? • What in the lab represented dialysate? • In the lab, list which each of the following represented: • Red Beads • Water with yellow food coloring • Salt • If proteins, glucose, and salt are present, describe what will happen to each indicator strip (color change).

  17. Structure and Function of Nephron • Functional units of the kidney • 1 million • Filtration and absorption

  18. Nephron Structure • Efferent arteriole • Carries blood away from glomerulus • Helps maintain filtration rate

  19. Nephron Structure • Glomerulus • Cluster of capillaries • Site of filtration • Filtering unit

  20. Nephron Structure • Afferent Arteriole • Brings blood to the glomerulus from renal artery

  21. Nephron Structure • Proximal convoluted tubule • Bowman’s Capsule – Loop of Henle • Reabsorption of: • Sugar • Na+ • Water

  22. Nephron Structure • Peritubular capillary • Surrounds nephrons tubular portion • Fills with blood from efferent arteriole

  23. Nephron Structure • Distal convoluted tube • Continues from proximal tubule • Reabsorption of: • Na+ • Water

  24. Nephron Structure • Collecting Duct • Collects urine from nephron and sends it to the ureter

  25. Nephron Structure • Loop of Henle • Long loop located in the medulla of the kidney • Reabsorption of • Water • Salts

  26. Nephron Structure • Bowman’s Capsule • Saclike structure • Surrounds glomerulus • Collects filtrate from glomerulus

  27. Nephron Structure • Vasa Recta • Carries blood at rate • Maintains countercurrent mechanism • Helps to maintain NaCl concentration gradient

  28. Urine Formation • Occurs in three stages • Glomerular Filtration • Tubular Reabsorption • Tubular Secretion

  29. Urine Formation • Glomerular Filtration • Water, other small dissolved molecules, and ions are filtered out of glomerular capillaries • Glomerular filtrate • Composition of filtrate • Water • Same solutes as in blood plasma (except larger protein particles) • Average adult filtration rate • 45 gallons in 24 hours

  30. Urine Formation • Filtration rate is affected by: • Sympathetic Nervous System • Responds to changes in blood pressure (ex. Bp drops) • Antidiuretic Hormone • Released in response to increased osmotic pressure • Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction

  31. Urine Formation • Tubular Reabsorption • Process that transports substances out of tubular fluid and into peritubular capillary • Prevents needed materials from going in urine

  32. Urine Formation • Tubular Reabsorption • Nutrients that can be used by the body are reabsorbed • Water, glucose, sodium, etc. • Occurs through osmosis, diffusion, and active transport

  33. Urine Formation • Secretion • Substances move into urine in the distal and collecting tubules from blood • Substances secreted • Hydrogen ions • Potassium ions • Ammonia • Certain drugs

  34. Urine • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::500::500::/sites/dl/free/0073403563/667038/Urineformation.swf::Urine%20formation

  35. Emptying Reflex • Initiated by stretch reflex in bladder wall • Bladder wall contracts • Internal sphincter relaxes • External sphincter relaxes and urination occurs

  36. Urine Flow

  37. Urine Flow • Bowman’s Capsule – Proximal Convoluted Tubule – Descending Limb – Loop of Henle - Ascending Limb – Distal Convoluted tubule – Collecting Duct - Papillary Duct – Minor Calyx – Major Calyx – Renal Pelvis – Ureter – Urinary Bladder – Urethra

  38. Bellwork • Nephron • Glomerulus • Filtrate • Secretion • Urinalysis • Aldosterone • Proximal convoluted tubule • Filtration • Bladder • ADH • Cortex • Performs filtration • The opposite of reabsorption • The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney • Under the control of the hypothalamus, this hormone increases the permeability of water • A fluid consisting of water, glucose, amino acids, some salts, and urea • An examination of urine • Store urine until about 500cc has accumulated • The first step in urine formation • Adrenal hormone that controls urinary secretion • Contains the nephron • Where 80% of the water filtered out of the blood by the glomerulus is reabsorbed

  39. Label the Diagram Below 10 1 6 11 7 12 5 8 2 9 3 4 13

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