The Urinary System

1. The Urinary System Functions: Homeostasis of blood pH, volume and electrolytes Components: • Kidneys • Produce urine • Ureters • Urinary bladder • Urethra

3. Retroperitoneal Location • Renal capsule • Inner layer lines renal sinus • Adipose capsule • Renal fascia

4. Right Kidney lower

5. Renal Anatomy Outer renal cortex Central renal pyramid Inner renal sinus

7. Inner Kidney • 6-18 renal pyramids • Renal papillae project into renal sinus • Renal columns • Renal Sinuses filled with Adipose • Major calyx • Minor calyx • Lead to spaces and renal sinus • Continuous with ureter

8. Blood Flow

9. Renal artery • Segmental artery • Interlobar artery • Arcuate artery • Afferent arteriole • Veins carry same names

13. The Nephron • Renal corpuscle • Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) • Loop of Henle (nephron loop) • Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) • Then on to collecting system • Connecting tubule • Collecting duct • Papillary duct

15. Histology

16. Two Nephrons types • ~85% are cortical nephrons • Short loops of Henle • Efferent arteriole provides blood to peritubular capillaries • Juxtamedullary nephrons • Closer to medulla • Loops of Henle extend deep into renal pyramids

20. Renal Corpuscle

22. Glomerulus – Fenestrated Capillary bed • Thick membrane • Lamina densa • Blood arrives at vascular pole of glomerulus • Afferent arteriole • Blood departs via efferent arteriole • Peritubular capillaries • Vasa recta

23. Proximal Convoluted Tubule • Actively reabsorbs • Nutrients (glucose and amino acids) • Ions (K+, Na+, Cl-) • Small plasma proteins

24. Loop of Henle Descending limb Ascending limb • Each one has thick and thin segment • Water balance • Ascending limb - delivers fluid to DCT Distal Convoluted Tubule • Actively secretes ions and other materials • Reabsorbs sodium ions

25. Bladder

26. Bladder Histology

27. Urethra

28. Male Urethra Internal and External Urethral Sphincters Prostate gland Incontinence Retention Cystitis and Urethritis

29. Sphincters of Urethra