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The Urinary System

The Urinary System. Functions of the Urinary System. Elimination of waste products Nitrogenous wastes Toxins Drugs Regulate aspects of homeostasis Water balance Electrolytes Acid-base balance in the blood Blood pressure Releases erythropoietin (stimulates RBC production)

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The Urinary System

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  1. The Urinary System

  2. Functions of the Urinary System • Elimination of waste products • Nitrogenous wastes • Toxins • Drugs • Regulate aspects of homeostasis • Water balance • Electrolytes • Acid-base balance in the blood • Blood pressure • Releases erythropoietin (stimulates RBC production) • Produces an active form of Vitamin D

  3. Urinary System • Two Kidneys • Perform all filtering functions (but not excretion) • Two Ureters • Bring urine from Kidneys to Urinary Bladder • Urinary Bladder • Holds Urine until excretion • Can stretch • Urethra • Moves urine from bladder to outside of body

  4. kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra Organs of the Urinary System

  5. Kidney Location • Against the dorsal body wall (retroperitoneal) • Superior dorsal region (T12to L3) • The right kidney is slightly lower than the left (due to position of the liver) *An adrenal gland sits atop each kidney

  6. Kidney Anatomy (External) • Renal hilum (hilus- singular) • A medial indentation where several structures enter or exit the kidney (ureters, renal artery, renal vein)

  7. Coverings of the Kidneys • Renal Capsule • Surrounds each kidney • Perirenal fat capsule • Surrounds the kidney and cushions against blows • Renal fascia • Outermost capsule that helps hold the kidney in place against the muscles of the trunk wall

  8. Regions of the Kidney(Internal) • Renal cortex—outer region • Renal medulla—inside the cortex • Renal pelvis—inner collecting tubes, lead to the ureter

  9. Internal Kidney Structures • Renal or medullary pyramids -triangular shaped striped regions of tissue in the medulla • Calyx(ces) -cup-shaped structures, drain urine from pyramids into pelvis • Renal columns -extensions that separate the pyramids in the medulla

  10. Blood Supply • One-quarter of the total blood supply of the body passes through the kidneys each minute • Approximately 200 quarts of blood are processed every 24 hours • Approximately 2 quarts of fluid are removed during that time

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