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I0101 BRIEF

I0101 BRIEF. Overview. Introduction Stage Review Reference Material Local Operations Communications Takeoff/Departure Enroute Arrival/Approach Brief Example CRM Callouts Common Mistakes RNAV/GPS Approaches Conclusion. Introduction. Welcome to the Instrument Stage!!

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I0101 BRIEF

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  1. I0101 BRIEF

  2. Overview • Introduction • Stage Review • Reference Material • Local Operations • Communications • Takeoff/Departure • Enroute • Arrival/Approach Brief Example • CRM Callouts • Common Mistakes • RNAV/GPS Approaches • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • Welcome to the Instrument Stage!! • Extensive and intense, and the primary focus of VT-31’s advanced syllabus • 29 RI flights and sims. • STUDY, and arrive prepared • Technique vs. Procedure • Have fun!

  4. Stage Review • Navy, USMC, USCG • BI Sims—4 events • I3200 Block Sims—5 Instrument Sims • I4100 Block—Instrument Intro • I3300 Block—Instrument Emergency Sims • I4200 Block—Instrument Emergency Flights • I4390—Midphase Checkride • I4400 Block—USAF Right Seat • I4500 Block—Cross Country Events • I4600 Block—Advanced Instrument EPs • I4604: BRING INSTRUMENT RATING REQUEST, FILLED OUT! • I4790—Final Checkride • I4801—Solo Cross Country

  5. Stage Review (cont.) • E2/C2 • Intermediate Instrument Syllabus • BI Sims—3 events • I3200 Block Sims—4 Instrument Sims • I3300 Block—Instrument Emergency Sims • I4200 Block—Instrument Emergency Flights • I4390—Midphase Checkride • I4600 Block—Advanced Instrument EPs

  6. Cross Country • If no request submitted, destination is at IP’s choice (like San Antonio, yuck) • Find who you like to fly with, look at the IP preference list and start calling around. • Submit request to CDO NLT I4201 earlier better • Skeds DOES TRY TO MATCH!

  7. Cross Country • Make logical choices; Maine = too far, North East during winter = bad idea • Hard schedule released Wednesday prior • Call IP assigned for cross country as soon as list is released • Study all brief items beforehand. You may brief the entire block on the first leg of the trip.

  8. Reference Material • Multitude of information during Instruments • Numerous sources of information • 6 key publications for instrument reference • NATOPS • FTI • AIM/FAR • AIGT workbook • NATOPS Instrument Flight Manual (???) • OPNAVINST 3710.7

  9. Reference Material (cont.) • NATOPS • Procedures and limitations for aircraft ops • FTI • Details procedures for maneuvers, approaches and operations not specifically addressed in NATOPS • AIM • Provides Aviation Community with basic flight information and ATC procedures for use in the National Airspace System • Should be the primary source for general flight procedures

  10. Reference Material (cont.) • AIGT workbook • Good reference guide for specific instrument subjects • IFM • Contains important basic flight information and IFR procedures • OPNAVINST 3710.7 • Provides (along with FAR part 91) specific rules and regs for operating Naval aircraft • By Review Stage, you must be intimately familiar with FLIP publications, AIM/FTI procedures and OPNAVINST/FAR material

  11. Local Operations • Local airfields • Coded flight plans • Traffic conflicts • Approach instructions

  12. Local Operations (cont.) • Local airfields • KNGP • TAC, VOR, PAR, ASR, ILS, GPS • KCRP (Corpus International) • VOR, TAC, ILS, GPS • KT69 (Sinton) • VOR, GPS • KRKP (Rockport) • TAC, NDB, GPS

  13. Local Operations (cont.) • Local airfields • KNQI (NAS Kingsville) • TAC, PAR, ASR, ILS • KALI (Alice) • VOR, LOC, GPS • KIKG (Kleberg) • NDB, GPS • KBKS (Brooks/Falfurrias) • NDB, GPS

  14. Local Operations (cont.) • Reference L19/20 • CRP Airspace • NGP, CRP, RKP, T69 • NQI Airspace • ALI, NQI, IKG, BKS

  15. Local Operations (cont.) • Each student must bring a DD175 • Call the IP the night prior for CCX and Review Stage hops. • Each crew must have a DD175-1 (Dash 1) • Have a plan to complete your own training. • DO NOT take current pubs from VT-31 • Terrible things will result.

  16. Local Operations (cont.) • IFG, Letters of Agreement • Gouge your approach clip (Arrow 4, Bay 5) • GCA-1: Radar approaches at NGP • Tango-3: Multiple approaches in CRP’s airspace • Alice-1, etc.: Leaving CRP’s airspace without filing DD-175 • Practical application • After ATIS on Ch.1, switch Ch.2 and put GCA-1 or Tango-3 on request • If using any other coded plan, you must call Base Ops prior to walking to the plane at 961-2505 • At Radios/Navaids, switch Ch.2 and call to copy clearance

  17. Local Operations (cont.) • Traffic conflicts • Airline arrivals from Dallas, San Antonio, Houston, Mexico • Parallel runway Ops (130 vs 125/135) • Club 1 departure off CRP • Shamrock / Sunrise / Nueces Transitions • T45s buzzing in and out of Kingsville Parallel runway ops • Local altitude restrictions

  18. Local Operations (cont.) • Approach instructions • Be alert for restrictions/instructions given by ATC • Always acknowledge and read back specific clearances. “Roger” or “Wilco” may be used for non-clearance related transmissions. • Answer quickly and concisely

  19. Local Operations (cont.) • Typical local examples • At Bubba Thomas (KT69) • “Navy 1G450, track the approach profile and maintain 3000, expect approach clearance in 3 minutes.” • Happens because company traffic or a Southwest 737 is passing under you.

  20. Communications • Always use standard radio communications! • AIM chapter 4, Section 2 • “Radio Communications Phraseology and Techniques”—Pilot/Controller Glossary • http://www.faa.gov/ATpubs/PCG/index.htm • AIM 5-3-3, Additional Reports • Speak clearly and concisely • Think before you talk

  21. Communications:Sample Calls • Initial call to Tower for takeoff: • “Navy Corpus Tower, N1G450, holding short Rnwy 13L, IFR release.” • Initial call to Departure: • “Corpus Departure, N1G450 off Navy Corpus passing 500 for 1600, Arrow 3.” • Initial contact with Approach: • “Corpus Approach, N1G450, 3000, CRP Information A, request.” • TELL THEM EXACTLY WHAT YOU WANT • EX – “N1G450, request the TAC 17 at CRP, full procedure, followed by radar vectors for the ILS 13 at CRP.” • Initial call to Tower on final: • “Navy Corpus Twr, N1G456, 8mi final, ILS13R, 3 down and locked.” • Initial call to Ground once clear: • “Navy Corpus Ground, N1G456, clear 13L at 4/22, taxi to my line.”

  22. Communications (cont.) • General Rules • Aim to say call sign then the required info—not vice versa • Always read back specific instructions and clearances when applicable • Read back assigned headings, altitudes, airspeeds, frequencies, and transponder codes • Wilco is only applicable to non-clearance items • ASK ATC TO REPEAT ANYTHING YOU DIDN’T GET

  23. Communications (cont.) • Unicom/CTAF • Speak to the lowest common denominator, the VFR pilot with no approach plates • They don’t know what “Procedure turn VOR 32 Circle 14” means. • Sample calls: • “Aransas County traffic, Navy King Air 450, 10 miles southwest, 1600 feet, inbound for a straight in 30, Aransas County.” • “Alice Traffic, Navy King Air 450, 7 miles west maneuvering toward the field. Will overfly the field at 1100 feet to enter left downwind Rwy 13, touch and go, and depart to the east, Alice Traffic.”

  24. Takeoff/Departure • Instrument Departure—critical phase of flight • Focus on solid, specific briefing • Ensure copilot is onboard with all aspects of brief • Instrument Departure Brief items • Instrument Departure Procedures / Trouble T • Instrument Recovery-Emergency Return (Sim IMC) • Recovery-Emergency Return (Actual Conditions) • Aircraft Performance • Runway Length/Width, Condition • Weather/Vis, Winds • Surrounding Terrain • Traffic

  25. Takeoff/Departure • Trouble T • The Trouble T applies on the departure as well as the approach. • You must brief the Trouble T for both • See FTI / AIM for discussions on the 4 types of Instrument Departures. • Not allowed to use Alternate WX Mins in Trouble T section.

  26. Takeoff/Departure • NAVAID Setup (Technique) • Joining an Airway, set up CDI for the course and Hdg Bug on a logical heading • Multiple local approaches, have an emergency back up readily available. • RADALT: DH or MDA for recovery approach • Use TCN channel for a VORTAC recovery • Allows quick switchover to recovery approach • Check DME with TCN/VOR switchover • Technique: CDI on runway heading to ensure departure from correct runway, as well as compass operation. Hdg Bug on departure turnout, such as (040 on Bay 5)

  27. Takeoff/Departure • Aviate, Navigate, Communicate • Climb at 150 kts • Contact Departure • Who you are, passing altitude off whatever airport, flying whatever departure • Checklist • No delay between Climb and Approach checklists

  28. Takeoff/Departure • Weather minimums • Current weather is at or above the mins for the return approach. (3710.7T)

  29. Enroute • Least busy but possibly most critical part • No enroute time between NGP and CRP, but some when you go to Alice, Victoria, or Brownsville. • Use time to ‘get ahead’ • Get ATIS early • Brief approach as soon as you have the weather • Always be aware of position and situation • Look at approach plate for extra SA (ex. Alice VOR-A), you “live” on the tail of the needle. • Expect CRP to rapid-fire read ATIS when you check in, they don’t want to release you off frequency – you’re probably less than 5 min from IAF.

  30. Enroute • Monitor + Update • Torque drops and ITT rises in the climb • Opposite in descent – Watch limits!! • Check fuel burn and balance to avoid landing with a split. • Fuel planning: Use GPS to find ETE (or a whiz wheel if GPS is inop), multiply fuel burn in lbs/hr, and subtract from totals. Update regularly.

  31. Enroute • Prepare for Arrival • Review NOTAMS/IFR Supp • Restrictions and Airport Info • Review Charts • Familiarize with local airspace, airports and terrain • Review STARS (As Required) • If a STAR is published, file it. • Review Approach Plates • Review approaches and diagrams, including airport diagram to forecast a taxi plan. • Technique: 30 Min out, begin to get WX and review airport info (Notams, ATIS, etc). Have all checklists complete and plans made 30 NM from destination if possible.

  32. Arrival • Time Management and Preparation • Flying the approach is the easy part • Ensure NAVAIDs are properly set • D-U-D or Use-Use for VORs (or DME-H for C-mod) • TCN Selected, correct station for TACAN • NDB must be constantly monitored • Use the Observer! • Both pilots must be up LOC inside FAF for ILS • Technique: Keep something (NDB or VOR) up for SA until FAF • Ensure marker beacons turned up for ILS • Don’t forget the LIDS check – outside ATC agencies are less forgiving than CRP.

  33. Arrival • ABCs Technique: • ATIS • Check plate for altimeter setting notes • Brief the Approach • Checklist • Descent • Maintain SA on a chart or a plate • Expect Vectors • IAF or final

  34. Example Approach Brief NGP TCN Z 13R

  35. Example Approach Brief RKP VOR/DME-A

  36. Mandatory Callouts

  37. Mandatory Callouts T-44A (AP Off) ATC: N1G401 turn left heading 310, climb and maintain 3000 PM: N1G401, Left 310, leaving 1500 for 3000 PF: Heading set 310, 3000. PM: Heading set 310, 3000.

  38. Mandatory Callouts T-44C (AP Off) ATC: N1G401 turn left heading 310, climb and maintain 3000 PF: N1G401 Left 310, leaving 1500 for 3000 PF: Set heading 310, set 3000. PM: Heading set 310, 3000 set.

  39. Mandatory Callouts Appendix J FTI – Explanation of Deviations

  40. Mandatory Callouts The information exchange outlined in these sections is required, but these are not “boldface” statements. We’re promoting a useful exchange of information. Just get the information in there, and don’t focus on the clumsy phrasing.

  41. Common Student Mistakes! • Under-utilizing the Copilot • When to descend at an IAF/inbound/FAF • When are you ‘abeam’ a point? • PT timing is technique! • Overfly the point or Lead the turn? • Descend at 800-1000 fpm. If you don’t get down in time, you can’t land. • Circling – everything about it!

  42. Approach CRM • IPs will (more accurately, should): • Run the NCS 31 or RTU • Switch approach plates • Check Trouble Ts, Notams, ASR / PAR Mins • Take controls for the approach brief • We are training Crew Pilots with CRM Skills • Be assertive • Use your crew wisely to ease your workload • Communicate! Ask Questions and LEARN SOMETHING. • Don’t be shy, we’re here to teach you. • Run your crew.

  43. Approach CRM • A good technique for flow….. • After gear up, props 1900: “Switch my approach plate, Tune ID and Monitor Waypoint 2. At 1000’ start the abbreviated climb checklist.” • On circling app, when done with hdg bug: “The circling missed approach will begin at 400’ AGL and bring us West bound. Bug West, and give me a hack at 400 on the Radalt.” • Get creative. If something needs doing, tell us to do it. Stay ahead at every opportunity. • Fly with your hands on the steering wheel and power, and crack the whip on the right seat guy.

  44. Descent Points • When can you descend? (IAF/Inbound) • IAF • Outbound/Abeam and on a Parallel or Intercept heading to the outbound course • Inbound on approach • VOR/TAC – within 5 radials (1 dot on CDI) • NDB – within 5 bearings • LOC/GPS – Half-Scale deflection of CDI (1 dot)

  45. Descent Points cont. • When are you ‘abeam’ a station (for timing descending/timing outbound on a PT or timing in holding)? • Your needle off the wing is only true IF your heading matches the outbound course • If your heading doesn’t match the outbound course, you must add/subtract 90 • Then watch for the needle to pass that value • Try +100, -10 or -100, +10 • Abeam is determined by the PT course. 90 degrees from that course is abeam.

  46. The Correct Abeam

  47. Wind Effect Outbound Abeam or Needle Through the 90 is not the right answer! You’ll start timing too early.

  48. Wind Effect cont. Another Example of wind effect, causing a late timing or descent point

  49. Timing on Approaches • Timing outbound on a PT is a technique to keep you within the ‘remain within’ distance • Don’t rely solely on timing! Use the DME, if available, to keep your SA up • Ex – if you have a strong tail wind outbound, you don’t want to time for a full minute • Technique: if you’re not done with outbound timing and you see 5 nm, it’s time to turn. Consider that 150 kts = 2.5 nm / min……

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