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NY Bight 25 Years Later: Use Impairments & Policy Challenges Dr. Douglas Ofiara Rutgers University, Institute of Marine & Coastal Sciences Principal, Ofiara Research Associates. Summary of 1987-88 Initiatives: OTA published Wastes in Marine Environments , April 1987
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NY Bight 25 Years Later: Use Impairments & Policy Challenges Dr. Douglas Ofiara Rutgers University, Institute of Marine & Coastal Sciences Principal, Ofiara Research Associates
Summary of 1987-88 Initiatives: • OTA published Wastes in Marine Environments, April 1987 • National Estuary Program (NEP) formally established in 1987 • New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program started in 1987 (includes NY Bight) • US ratified Annex V (Garbage) and MARPOL 73/78 (an international treaty) in 1987 • US Congress enacted Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act (MPPRCA) in 1987; directs USEPA to prepare a NY Bight Restoration Plan • Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-688) and The Shore Protection Act of 1988 (Title IV) • House Subcommittee held a series of 9 Oversight Meetings during 1987-88 regarding the current state and demise of US coastal waters; in particular • Short-term Floatable Actions Plan: May 15-Sept 15, 1989 ; removed 461tns of floatable debris (90% wood, 10% other-plastics, paper, tires, reeds, etc. by weight) at cost of $1mill. -1990 to repeat the Action Plan • State of New Jersey begins Operation Clean Shores ~3,000tns of debris removed from 28mi. of harbor shoreline • State of New York conducts a shoreline cleanup of 2.5mi. of Staten Island beaches.
Table 1. Use Impairments and Economic Impacts for New York Bight, 1988. NY NJ Both Beach Closures: ------------ $ millions ---------------------------------- Floatables Consumer Surplus 300-990 147-525 447-1,515 Direct Expenditures 300-735 239-1,430 539-2,165 Total Impact (x2.0) 600-1,470 478-2,860 1,078-4,333 Pathogens Consumer Surplus 180 97 277 Direct Expenditures 80 156 236 Total Impact (x2.0) 160 312 472
Table 1. Use Impairments and Economic Impacts for New York Bight, 1988. ------------ $ millions ---------------------------------- All Use Impairments: Economic Value: (Consumer & Producer Surplus) 1,030-2,098 Expenditures (w/o Navigation) 1,305-2,931
Table 2. Estimated Losses, Contaminated Seafood, PCB & Dioxin -lb/yr- mortality ------------ millions ($) ------------------------- PCB: Bluefish 12.6 3,700 2,490 3,665 14,328 29.5 8,600 5,787 8,519 33,303 Striped bass 12.6 3,700 2,490 3,665 14,328 29.5 8,700 5,854 8,619 33,690 Dioxin: Striped bass NA 1300-1560 874-1,049 1,288-1,545 5,031-6,037 Lobster NA 530-1500 357-1,009 525-1,486 2,051-5,805
Table 3. Estimated Losses, Contaminated Seafood, Additive Risk Striped bass --------------------- millions ($) ---------------------------- Chlordane 22-25 16.8 21.8 96.8 14.8 24.8 85.2 tDDT 390-620 262 386 1,510 417 614 2,401 PCB 1,300-5,200 875 1,288 5,034 3,499 5,152 20,137 ∑risk 1,700-5,900 1,144 1,684 6,583 3,970 5,845 22,848
Table 4. Comparison of National Estuaries Area Econ. Value Expend’s ---- per capita $ ------------- NY Bight $59-121/per $75-169/per Delaw. Bay $107/per $423/per LIS $22-33/per $160-362/p Chesap Bay $6.56-11.65/per Narrag. Bay $26-40/per
Table 5. US EPA’s Annual Beach Notification, 2006-2011. State: 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 County ------------------- days closed ------------------------ NJ: Monmouth 72 60 55 141 92 NA Ocean 12 16 15 29 7 NA Atlantic 1 0 1 0 2 NA Cape May 0 0 0 0 3 NA NY: Queens 14 9 15 12 11 25 Nassau 92 138 150 213 67 127 Suffolk 279 385 327 270 79 308
Table 7. Incidents Involving Spills of Oil/Chemicals in the U.S., 1991-2011. ------------- Incident Type -------------- Year Vessel Unk. Sheen Rest Total 1991 2,914 3,794 19,046 25,754 2000 3,945 4,016 24,474 32,435 2011 4,527 4,638 34,286 32,629 %Chg: 1991-2000 35.38 - - 25.94 1991-2011 55.35 - - 26.69 Avg: 1991-95 (3211) - - (29,860.8) 2000-04 28.24(4117.8) - - 10.59(33,024.6) 2007-11 48.68(4774) - - 12.49(33,591.4)
