The Kingdom Formerly Known as Protista

1. The Kingdom Formerly Known as Protista

2. The Kingdom Formally Known as Protista • Protists are single-celled and usually move by cilia, flagella, or by amoeboid mechanisms.

3. The Artist Fomerly Known as Prince

5. DOMAIN EUKARYA“KINGDOM PROTISTA” • Some are single cellular and some are multicellular

6. “Kingdom- Protista” • They have organelles including a nucleus and may have chloroplasts, so some will be green and others won't be.

7. “Kingdom- Protista” • They are small, although many are big enough to be recognized in a dissecting microscope or even with a magnifying glass. • Autotroph

8. “Kingdom- Protista” • Nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis, ingestion of other organisms, or both. • 50,000 Species

9. Algae • Algae are a diverse group of protists. They range in size from microscopic Single-celled organisms to large Seaweeds that may be hundreds of feet long.

10. Algae • These plant-like protists all carry on photosynthesis. • Although most algae are single-cell organisms, some are large multicellular organisms. • The largest algae are the seaweeds known as kelp that are hundreds of feet long. • All algae, no matter their size, lack tissue differentiation. • Most aquatic algae compose the phytoplankton, the foundation of aquatic food chains. • Phytoplankton produces almost half the world's carbohydrates and oxygen.

11. Algae • Algae are AUTOTROPHIC Protists- they are called Plant-like because they perform PHOTOSYNTHESIS. • Like plants, Algae contain CHLOROPHYLL and produce their own Carbohydrates giving off Oxygen as a by-product of Photosynthesis.

12. Algae are Different from Plants • Algae are Different from Plants Because they LACK Tissue Differentiation and have No True Roots, Leaves or Stems.

13. Algae Photos

14. Algae Photomicrographs

15. Algae Photomicrographs

16. brown algae

17. red algae Algae produces almost half the world's carbohydrates and oxygen.

18. green algae photosynthesis

19. Rhodophyta (Red algae)

20. Phaeophyta (Brown algae)

22. UNICELLULAR ALGAE

23. COLONIAL ALGAE

24. FILAMENTOUS ALGAE

25. MULTICELLULAR ALGAE

26. PHYLUM CHLOROPHYTA- GREEN ALGAE

27. PHYLUM PHAEOPHYTA - BROWN ALGAE

28. PHYLUM RHODOPHYTA - RED ALGAE

29. The END

30. THE FOUR PHYLA OF PROTOZOANS A. PHYLUM SARCODINA (SCARCODINIANS) MOVE BY EXTENDING Their CYTOPLASM.        B. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA (ZOOFLAGELLATES) PROPEL THEMSELVES BY FLAGELLA. (c) C. PHYLUM CILIOPHORA (CILIAPHORANS) OR CILIATES MOVE BY HAIRLIKE CILIA. (a) D. PHYLUM SPOROZOA (SPOROZOANS) DO NOT MOVE BY THEMSELVES AT ALL. (b)

31. PHYLUM SARCODINA

32. PHYLUM SARCODINA

33. The extending pseudopod of a protozoan like an Amoeba.

34. Marine amoeba

35. HUMAN DISEASE- PHYLUM SARCODINA • Amoebas can spread by Water, in Food, or on Dishes causing AMEBIC DYSENTERY which can be Fatal. • It lives in the Large Intestines, where it secretes Enzymes that attack the Intestinal Lining and causing deep Ulcers. • Affected individuals feel intense pain, and complications arise when the amoebas are carried by the blood to the liver and other organs. • This is where the saying "Don't Drink the Water" in certain countries comes from.  Travelers are warned never to drink UNTREATED WATER to avoid Amebic Dysentery.

36. PHYLUM CILIOPHORA, CILIAPHORANS or CILIATES • The 8,000 species that make up the Phylum Ciliophora swim by means of CILIA, which are short, hairlike cytoplasmic projections that line the cell membrane. • The Cilia is used for movement by Beating like Oars to propel the Protists. • Most Ciliates live in Freshwater.  • A common freshwater ciliate is the Paramecium.

38. Beating cilia of a protozoan

39. The cilia movement of a ciliated species of protozoa.

40. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES • The 2,500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna are characterized by the presence of one or more FLAGELLA, used for moving.

41. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES • The 2,500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna are characterized by the presence of one or more FLAGELLA, used for moving. • Some Zooflagellates are free-living freshwater or marine organisms.

42. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES • The 2,500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna are characterized by the presence of one or more FLAGELLA, used for moving. • Some Zooflagellates are free-living freshwater or marine organisms. • Many can live inside other organisms in SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP (A relationship in which TWO Different Organisms live closely together; it can be either BENEFICIAL or HARMFUL to the Organism).

43. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES • The 2,500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna are characterized by the presence of one or more FLAGELLA, used for moving. • Some Zooflagellates are free-living freshwater or marine organisms. • Many can live inside other organisms in SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP (A relationship in which TWO Different Organisms live closely together; it can be either BENEFICIAL or HARMFUL to the Organism). • The Symbiotic Relationship may be:     A. MUTUALISTIC RELATIONSHIP - Both Organisms Benefit. B. PARASITIC RELATIONSHIP - Causes Harm to the HOST.

44. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES • Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease in Humans.

45. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES • Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease in Humans. • The Zooflagellate Trypanosoma causes African Trypanosomiasis, "African Sleeping Sickness", in Humans.  It produces Toxins that destroy red blood cells, causing the host to become weak.  This disease if left untreated eventually attacks the Host's Nervous System, causing DEATH. • .

46. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES • Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease in Humans. • The Zooflagellate Trypanosoma causes African Trypanosomiasis, "African Sleeping Sickness", in Humans.  It produces Toxins that destroy red blood cells, causing the host to become weak.  This disease if left untreated eventually attacks the Host's Nervous System, causing DEATH. • Another species called Trypanosoma cruzi, causes Chagas' Disease.  It is transmitted by an insect called the "Kissing Bug", patients suffer from fever, and heart damage.

47. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES • Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease in Humans. • The Zooflagellate Trypanosoma causes African Trypanosomiasis, "African Sleeping Sickness", in Humans.  It produces Toxins that destroy red blood cells, causing the host to become weak.  This disease if left untreated eventually attacks the Host's Nervous System, causing DEATH. • Another species called Trypanosoma cruzi, causes Chagas' Disease.  It is transmitted by an insect called the "Kissing Bug", patients suffer from fever, and heart damage. • The Trichonympha lives in the guts of termites, and help the termite digest Cellulose in wood. This is a mutualistic relationship, they both benefit from the relationship.

48. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES • The Trichonympha lives in the guts of termites, and help the termite digest Cellulose in wood. This is a mutualistic relationship, they both benefit from the relationship.

49. PHYLUM SPOROZOA, SPOROZOANS • 6,000 species • NO Means of Movement. • MOST SPOROZOANS ARE SPORE-FORMING PARASITIC (HARMFUL) PROTOZOANS.

50. PHYLUM SPOROZOA Malaria • The Protozoan that causes Malaria is Named Plasmodium, and is transmitted by FEMALE Mosquitoes. • One way to reduce human deaths (2.7 million annually) from Malaria is to control mosquito Populations.  Without the Mosquito host, the Plasmodium Protozoan CANNOT Complete their Life Cycle. • Malaria is usually cured with a drug derived from the Cinchona Tree, which is native to the Americas called Quinine.