Rules without a relationship leads to rebellion.

1. Rules without a relationship leads to rebellion. Please Fill out The following Name What are you good at? What are you not so good at? What types of classes do you enjoy? 3 interesting things about you Where do you see yourself in 1 year 5 years 10years

2. Government Define and give an example of each: a. Government – b. Public policies – c. What powers does a government have? Chapter 1, Section 1

3. Powers of Government Each government has and exercises these 3 powers Legislative Power Executive Power Judicial Power Can a government be affective without having one of these powers?

4. Is Government Necessary? a. Would our society be better or worse off if there were no government? c. Explain why. b. Note three positive reasons for government

5. Who Has These Powers? • Democracy- when responsibility for the exercise of the powers of government rests with a majority of the people. • Dictatorship- One person or small group of people is responsible for exercising the powers of government. • Which are we?

6. "Democracy is the most demanding of all forms of government in terms of the energy, imagination and public spirit required of the individual.“ Write 1 page detailing, what you believe, is an Americans civic duty. Should free riders be required to pay more taxes since they are not contributing in other ways? Should those that participate in democracy receive extra benefits?

7. The State • State- a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, with the power to make and enforce laws. • 4 characteristics every state must have. • Population • Territory • Sovereignty- has supreme and absolute power within its own territory • Government

8. Which are “States”? (Circle)

9. Page 7-8 • a. read each of the four theories of the origin of the “State”: Force, Evolutionary, Divine Right, & Social Contract. • b. Choose the one that makes the most sense to you. Explain why.

10. Unit 1: Principles of Government Review Government- The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. Three Powers of Government Legislative Executive Judicial

11. Governments can be classified by three different standards: (1) The geographic distribution of the governmental power within the state(Nation). (2) The relationship between the legislative (lawmaking) and the executive (law-executing) branches of the government (3) Who can participate in the governing process. Who has the power? Chapter 1, Section 2

12. 7. Government Distribution of Power • Put an “X” on the line representing how much • power the central government holds in each. • Put a “0” for how much power the local or • regional government have. All POWER 0 Unitary Confederacy Federal

13. Unitary • Central Gov has • all gov power • Unitary Government • A unitary government has all powers held by a single, central agency. • Local or Regional Gov have very little power

14. Put an “X” on the line representing how much • power the central government holds in each. • Put a “0” for how much power the local or • regional government have. All X POWER O 0 Unitary Confederacy Federal

15. Confederate Government • A confederationis an alliance of independent states. • Central Government has little power Local or Regional Governments have most all the power.

16. Put an “X” on the line representing how much • power the central government holds in each. • Put a “0” for how much power the local or • regional government have. All X O POWER X O 0 Unitary Confederacy Federal

17. Federal Government • Central has • some powers • A federal government is one in which the powers of government are divided between a central government and several local governments. • An authority superior to both the central and local governments makes this division of power on a geographic basis. • Local/Regional Regional/Local Governments have some powers

18. Put an “X” on the line representing how much • power the central government holds in each. • Put a “0” for how much power the local or • regional government have. All X O X POWER O X O 0 Unitary Confederacy Federal

19. Chapter 1, Section 2

20. Who Can Participate in Government? Democracy Representative Democracy- a small group of persons, chosen by the people to act as their representatives, expresses the popular will Direct Democracy- The will of the people is translated into public policy directly, by the people themselves, in mass meetings. Which do we use most often in the United States? Why?

21. Who Can Participate in Government? Dictatorship Autocracy- single person holds unlimited political power Oligarchy- power to rule is held by a small self appointed elite

22. Marshall Schools? Forms of Government Chapter 1, Section 2

23. Foundations of Democracy The American concept of democracy rests on these basic notions. • Worth of the individual • Each individual, no matter what his or her station in life, is a separate and distinct being. • At various times, the welfare of one or a few individuals is subordinated to the interests of the many in a democracy. Come up with 3 examples of this from our democracy.

24. Foundations of Democracy • Equality of all Persons • What does this mean? • Equality of opportunity • Equality before the law Have we met this standard in our democracy?

25. Foundations of Democracy • Majority Rule, Minority Rights • Democracy argues that a majority of people will be right, more often than they will be wrong, and that the majority will also be right more often than will any one person or small group. Do you agree with this premise? • What are the rights of the minority? • Why is it important to maintain minority rights?

26. Foundations of Democracy • Necessity of Compromise • Why is compromise essential in a functioning, effective democracy? • Individual Freedom • How much individual freedom can a democracy have(Where should the line be drawn? • “The right to swing my fist ends where the other man’s nose begins” Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

27. Vocabulary Assignment Definition Sentence Picture on the backside Unitary government Federal government Confederate government Parliamentary government Presidential government Representative Democracy Direct democracy Dictatorship Autocracy oligarchy

28. What Would You Rather Have? Dictatorship or Democracy? Who was Plato? "The penalty good men payfor indifference to public affairs,is to be ruled by evil men." Plato challenged the idea that a democracy is the best form of government. He wrote about an ideal state with an ideal form of government. He called this imaginary place utopia. What is utopia?

29. “It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried.” Winston Churchhill Do you agree with Winston Churchhill? Why or why not?

30. Democracy and the Free Enterprise System Free Enterprise System (Free Market, Capitalism)- Goods are owned by individuals rather than government. Prices are decided by the law of supply and demand. How does supply and demand work? Are a democracy and a free market system the same? Do they have to go together? Does America have a free market system?

31. Government and the Free Enterprise System • Mixed Economy- economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and “promotion”. • Journal-What are some examples of government involvement in the economy? • Come up with 15 of them • Government’s participation in the economy serves a two fold purpose • Protect the public • Preserve private enterprise

32. Happiest Country in the World Why are people in Denmark so much happier than we are? What is the cost of all of the government benefits they receive? Write at least a half page explaining why you believe our government does too much, not enough, or just the right amount for its citizens.

33. 2-1 pg. 14 • Describe how power is distributed in the following systems • a. Unitary – • b. Confederate Government – • c. Federal -

34. 8. Relationship between Executive and Legislative Branch. (p. 16) a. What are the two basic forms of governments under this classification?b. Explain their major differences.

35. Gerald Ford (14 July 1913 – 26 December 2006) , the 38th President of the United States."A government big enough to give you everything you want is a government big enough to take from you everything you have.

36. Our Political Beginnings

37. English Settlers Basic Concepts of Government • Ordered Government- They created local governments, based on those they had known in England • Limited Government- Colonists brought with them the idea that government is not all powerful. • Government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has certain rights that government cannot take away. • Representative Government- Idea that government should serve the will of the people. • These three ideas can be traced back to the following landmark documents in English history.

38. Landmark English Documents • The Magna Carta- Signed by King John in 1215 • Included fundamental rights such as trial by jury and due process of law, and protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty and property. • The Magna Carta established the principle that the power of the monarchy was not absolute.

39. Landmark English Documents • The Magna Carta was respected by some monarchs and ignored by others for 400 years. • Petition of Right- (1628)signed by King Charles I, the petition of rights limited the Kings power in several ways. • Document demanded that the king no longer imprison or otherwise punish any person except by the lawful judgment of their peers, or by the law of the land. • No martial law (rule by military) in time of peace. • Homeowners no longer required to shelter king’s troops without their consent.

40. English Landmark Documents • English Bill of Rights- 1688 • Stated that King and Queen could not suspend law or execute law without consenting parliament. • Could not spend money for use of the crown without the consent of parliament. • It also states such rights as right to a fair trial, freedom from excessive bail and from cruel and unusual punishment.

41. Landmark English Documents What influence might these documents have had on the founding fathers? What else may have influenced their decisions when forming our government?

42. The Founding Indian Fathers • List all prominent colonists who had significant contact with the Iroquois League. How were they influenced by the Iroquois? • Record how the Iroquois government worked. How were the powers of government delegated in the Iroquois form of government? • Your textbooks do not feature any information, regarding the impact of Native Americans, on our American Government. What are some possible reasons why?

43. A New Nation Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Philadelphia Convention

44. Declaration of Independence • The Declaration announces the independence of the United States, • Lists the “repeated injuries and usurpations” that led the colonists to revolt. • States that “all men are created equal” and that all men have the right to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness. • That government exists to secure these rights. • That government gains their power through the consent of the governed. • When government fails to do this it is the right of the people to abolish it and institute new government.

45. Articles of Confederation • Declaration of Independence has no legal relevance. • Articles of Confederation was the first attempt to establish a lasting government for the new nation

46. Articles of Confederation • Congress was the sole body created. • Unicameral (1 house)- made up of delegates chosen yearly by the states in whatever way their legislatures might direct. • Each state had one vote in congress no matter its population or wealth. • No executive or judicial branch • Congress could make war and peace, send and receive ambassadors, make treaties, borrow money, set up a money system, establish military, settle disputes among the states.

47. Glaring Omissions • Article of Confederation had critical weaknesses • Congress did not have the power to tax • Congress did not have the power to regulate trade between the states. • Congress lacked power to make states obey the Articles of Confederation or the laws it made. Congress needed consent of 9 of the 13 states to exercise powers. • Articles could be amended only with the approval of all 13 state legislatures.

48. Philadelphia Convention (Constitutional Convention) • 55 delegates met from all the states but Rhode Island. • Convention was originally to revise the articles of confederation. • It was later decided that “that a national government ought to be established consisting of a supreme Legislative, Executive and Judiciary.”

49. The Virginia Plan • Calls for a new government with three separate branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. • The Legislature (Congress) would be bicameral (two houses). • Representation in each house was to be determined based upon each State’s population or upon the amount of money it gave for the support of the central government. • The members of the lower house (house of representatives) would be elected by the people. Members of the upper house (senate) would be elected by the house from a list of people chosen by the state’s legislature. • Congress would have all the powers it had under the articles of confederation, with the addition of the power to legislate in all cases the separate states are incompetent to act, and to veto any state law in conflict with a national law.

50. The Virginia Plan • Congress could use force if necessary to make a state obey national law. • Congress would choose a “National Executive” and a “National Judiciary”. Together these two branches would form a “Council of revision”. • These two branches could veto acts passed by Congress, but a veto could be overridden by the two houses. • The Executive would have “a general authority to execute the National laws”. • The Judiciary would consist of one or more supreme courts and of inferior courts. • The Virginia Plan then, would create a new constitution