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Feed Nutrients

Learn about the major functions of nutrient groups and discover feeds that are sources of each group. Explore the characteristics of nutrient sources for carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.

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Feed Nutrients

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  1. Feed Nutrients Chapter 6

  2. Objectives • Describe the major functions of the basic nutrient groups, and identify feeds that are sources of each • Describe the characteristics of nutrient sources for each basic nutrient group

  3. Terminology • Nutrient: chemical element or compound that helps support life • Carbohydrates: chemically composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) • Fiber: complex carbohydrates • Dry weight

  4. Terminology (cont.) • Commercial feed tag: is a label attached to a bag of feed • Fats are solid at body temperature • Oils are liquid at body temperature • Proteins are organic compounds made up of amino acids

  5. Terminology (cont.) • Urea: a synthetic nitrogen source • Crude protein is total protein • Digestible protein is the amount of true protein in a feed • Vitamins are trace organic compounds • Trace organic compounds

  6. Terminology (cont.) • Conception rate: percentage of animals that become bred • Minerals: inorganic materials needed in various amounts by animals • Deficiency: a lack of a certain mineral in a ration

  7. Energy Nutrients- Carbohydrates • Primary energy nutrients found in rations • Consist of • Sugars • Starches • Cellulose • Lignin

  8. Energy Nutrients– Carbohydrates (cont.) • Simple Carbohydrates • Sugars and starches, easily digested • Complex Carbohydrates • Fiber (cellulose, lignin) • More difficult to digest • Found in roughages

  9. Energy Nutrients– Carbohydrates (cont.) • Carbohydrate and Fiber Content of Feeds • Dry weight of most grains, roughages ranges from 65-80 percent carbohydrates • Different types of animals require different levels of fiber • Commercial feed tags indicate fiber levels on purchased feed

  10. Energy Nutrients - Fats and Oils • Fats and oils are also energy nutrients • Fats are solid at body temperature • Oils are liquid at body temperature • Energy value of fats is higher than carbohydrates • Easy to digest • Sources are animals and vegetables

  11. Proteins • Are made up of amino acids • Provide material to build body tissue • Are essential for fetal development in pregnant animals • Can also be used as energy, or stored as fat by animals

  12. Proteins (cont.) • Sources of Protein • Animal sources more preferable than plant sources due to better amino acid content • Urea can be mixed in feed to spur amino acid production in the rumen (for ruminants) • Crude protein is total protein in feed • Digestible protein is true protein in feed

  13. Vitamins • Trace organic compounds, only needed in very small amounts • Vitamins are divided into two groups • Fat-soluble • Water-soluble

  14. Vitamins (cont.) • Sources of Vitamins • Green pastures and hay • Cereal grains, green leafy hay • Milk • Fish • Certain animal proteins • Usually included in commercial feeds

  15. Minerals • Inorganic compounds required in various amounts by animals • Provide material for growth of bones, teeth, and tissue • Regulate vital chemical processes in body • Lack of minerals leads to a deficiency

  16. Minerals (cont.) • Minerals are divided into two groups • Major: required in large amounts • Salt, calcium, phosphorus • Trace: required in small amounts • Potassium, magnesium, iron, iodine • Both types are usually supplied in commercial feeds

  17. Water • Very common, but its importance as a nutrient is often forgotten • Makes up the largest part of most living things • Helps to dissolve nutrients, control body temperature • Necessary for most chemical reactions

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