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Quiz:

548-555 - Describe the development of the constitutional state in England during the 1600s. - Analyze a political illustration and an excerpt from Thomas Hobbes book Leviathan. Quiz:. Constitutionalism.

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Quiz:

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  1. 548-555 - Describe the development of the constitutional state in England during the 1600s. - Analyze a political illustration and an excerpt from Thomas Hobbes book Leviathan.

  2. Quiz:

  3. Constitutionalism • Developed in England and Holland (Dutch), unlike the Absolute States of France, Prussia, Russia and Austria of the 1600s. • Characteristics? • The limitation of government by law. • This “law” is usually in the form of a constitution either written or unwritten. • Constitutional government can take a monarchial OR republican form. • Constitutionalism is NOT the same as a democratic government.

  4. Political Philosophy Read and highlight the main points from the Following two excerpts: Thomas Hobbes “Leviathan”. John Locke “Two Treatises on Government”.

  5. Political Philosophy Read and note the main points of each author. Compare their two views on government. Hobbes Locke

  6. Rise of Constitutionalism in England James I [r. 1603-1625] • Successor to Elizabeth I, James • asserted his divine right to rule • which antagonized Parliament. • Problem since the House of • Commons controlled the states • finances and Elizabeth left a • debt. James I’s speech to the House of Commons: “I am surprised that my ancestors should ever be permitted such an institution to come into existence. I am a stranger, and found it here when I arrived, so that I am obliged to put up with what I cannot get rid of!”

  7. Charles I [r. 1625-1649] The Petition of Rights, 1628 “The Stuart Magna Carta”

  8. Charles I [r. 1625-1649] • James I and son Charles I seemed • sympathetic to Catholicism which • upset Puritans in the House of • Commons. • In 1640 Charles summoned • Parliament for funds to put down a • rebellion in Scotland and quickly • passed “Triennial Act” (1641) • requiring king to call Parliament • every three years! • When Parliament refused to • put an army under Charles I’s • command during a revolt in Ireland, • Charles stormed Parliament with • troops.

  9. English Civil War (1642-1649) Royalists(Cavaliers) Parliamentarians(Roundheads) • House of Lords • Aristocracy, large landowners • Church officials • More rural, less prosperous • House of Commons • Puritans • Merchants, townspeople • More urban , more prosperous January 30, 1649 beheadingof Charles I

  10. English Civil War (1642-1649) Thomas Hobbes “Leviathan” Viewed human nature as un- trustworthy, so we make a social contract to be ruled by a king with no right to rebel, HOWEVER, king’s do not hold “divine right”….(so he leaves door open). John Locke “Two Treatises on …” Says man is born with natural rights that can NEVER be violated, if the king violates the “social contract” people have the right to rebel. January 30, 1649 beheadingof Charles I

  11. Oliver Cromwell and The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660] • Abolished monarchy and • created the “Commonwealth” • under Oliver Cromwell but • was really a dictatorship! • By 1654 Cromwell called it a • “Protectorate”. • Created a Puritan community • of some toleration (except • Catholics) “Instrument of Govt.” • Divided England into 12 military • districts. • Adopted Mercantilism and • passed the “Navigation Act” • of 1651.

  12. The Restoration (1660) • Charles II (1660-1685) returns • to rule in “The Restoration” and • tries to conciliate Parliament • with the “Cabal”. • But, in 1670, he’s caught in • negotiations with Louis XIV • to make England Catholic again • which causes panic! • In 1685, Catholic James II • (brother) took the throne and • declared religious toleration • which violated the “Test Act”. • 1688 “The Glorious Revolution” • replaced James II with William • and Mary on the throne. James II (1685-1688) -(Charles II brother)

  13. The “Glorious” Revolution: 1688 James II’s daughter Mary & her husband, William of Orange.

  14. Constitutional Monarchy and Cabinet Government in England The Glorious Revolution was guaranteed by the passage of the “Bill of Rights” in 1689. John Locke’s “Second Treatise on Civil Government” in 1690 defended the Glorious Revolution. The Cabinet system of government grew popular which further weakened the power of the monarch. English Bill of Rights (1689) John Locke (1690)

  15. Complete your assigned section of the chart: • James I • Charles I • Oliver Cromwell • Charles II • James II • William and Mary

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