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“Upgrading Life in Historical Towns – Sustainable Energy” Energy Efficiency

International Workshop. “Upgrading Life in Historical Towns – Sustainable Energy” Energy Efficiency. Dubrovnik October 3 - 4, 2013. Sustainable Energy and Strategic Vision of Energy Efficiency as a Source of Energy and How to Support in National Energy Efficiency Action Plans.

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“Upgrading Life in Historical Towns – Sustainable Energy” Energy Efficiency

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  1. International Workshop “Upgrading Life in Historical Towns – Sustainable Energy”Energy Efficiency Dubrovnik October 3 - 4, 2013

  2. Sustainable Energy and Strategic Vision of Energy Efficiency as a Source of Energy and How to Support in National Energy Efficiency Action Plans Prof.dr.sc. Željko Tomšić zeljko.tomsic@fer.hr CROATIA University of ZagrebFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing

  3. An introductory thought…

  4. Without secure reliable energy: • Economic activity is not possible • Motive power for industry and agriculture • IT for commerce etc. • Social development is not possible • Lighting for education • Refrigeration for vaccines etc. • Environmental degradation often ensues • Alternatives are often local, such as biomass etc.

  5. According to the UN A nation-state is energy secure to the degree that fuel and energy services are available to ensure: a) survival of the nation, b) protection of national welfare, and c) minimization of risks associated with supply and use of fuel and energy services. The five dimensions of energy security include (UN, 2007): • Energy supply, • Economic, • Technological, • Environmental, Social and cultural, • Military/security dimensions

  6. Import dependence (of 217 countries)

  7. Disparityin World Energy Consumption 75% ofworldpopulationuse 20% electricity

  8. World Population, GDP and Energy Demand until 2030.

  9. WHETHER ON EARTH HAS ENOUGH RESOURCES TO MEET THE GROWTH OF ALL NEEDS? OR WE HAVE TO CHANGE OUR HABITS!

  10. World challenges and interrelations

  11. How much energy for 1 kWh of electricity?

  12. Sustainable Development Brundtland definition (1987) “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” This implies that “secure” over the long term = “sustainable”

  13. DRIVERS for SD – ENERGY SECTOR SPECIFIC • ENERGY SECURITY • HIGH DEPENDENCY ON IMPORTED FOSSIL FUELS • PRICE - AFFORDABILITY • ACCESSIBILITY • RELIABILITY • ADVERSE IMPACTS • Energy market impacts

  14. Dimensions of Sustainable Energy Development Sustainabilityis about overlapping environmental, social and economic requirements and the need to bring them all into harmony. • When they were first built and inhabited, all pre-industrial buildings were, by definition, sustainable and made zero use of fossil carbon in both their construction and use. • The primary energy sources available for the conversion and transport of building materials were human and animal power, and the biomass of available locally grown timber. • Building, heating and cooking were almost entirely fuelled by sustainably sourced biomass.

  15. Energy Efficiency has oneofmain role in Sustainable Development

  16. TODAY POLICIES ENERGY EFFICIENCY IS ONE OF MAIN PILLAR OF ENERGY STRATEGIES PRACTICALLY IN ALL COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD (DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING) • High energy costs • Rising (energy) costs • “EE Cheapest form of energy you can get” • Competitiveness

  17. Influence of improved energy efficiency on other policies’ goals

  18. ENERGY EFFICIENCY 3 components of energy efficiency programme • Economical & Financial • Technical • Human and organizational

  19. Howenergy efficiency improvements have reduced EU energy intensityduring the past 35 years: It demonstrates that by 2005, “negajoules” (or avoided energyconsumption through savings) have become the single most important energy resource.

  20. Projections from 2007 Projections from 2009 20% energy saving objective 1900 1842 Mtoe 1850 Business as usual 2007 projection 1800 1750 1676 Mtoe 1700 1650 Most recent projection - 166 Mtoe 1600 1550 1500 1474 Mtoe 1450 - 20% by 2020 objective - 368 Mtoe 1400 2005 2010 2015 2020 “The EU is not on track to meet its target – energy efficiency” Primary energy consumption*, Mtoe * Gross inland consumption minus non-energy uses Source: European Commission European Commission:“Most recent projections show that with current policies we will only achieve a 10% cut.” (4 February 2011)

  21. EE policy development in Croatia The ENERGY Strategy is based on a paradigm that efficient use of energy is observed as a “new source of energy” («negajoules» concept); The goal of the Strategy is to reduce the energy consumption by implementing cost-effective measuresof energy efficiency.

  22. Energy Efficiency • One of the strategic goals defined in Energy Sector Sustainable Development Strategy is improvement of energy efficiency in every part of energy sector • Why energy efficiency? • Environmental sustainability • reduction of environmental impacts of energy production  climate change • Economic sustainability • improved industrial competitiveness due to reduced production costs • improved security of energy supply by reducing dependence on imported energy, lowering risks of energy supply disruptions and price fluctuations • reduced necessity for new power generation facilities • Social sustainability • improved living and working conditions • job creation as a spin-off effect of implementation of energy efficiency measures

  23. EE policy development in Croatia MasterPlan 2007

  24. “EE improvement in all parts of energy system is a backbone of the Strategy.” Detailed measures are defined in National EE programme and NEEAPs Strategic vision: EE as source of energy

  25. Preparation of 2nd NEEAP: principles and steps FER leader for 1. and 2. NEEAP

  26. Successful measures in period 2008-2010

  27. Unsuccessful measures in period 2008-2010

  28. Achieved energy savings in 2010 BU - bottom-up TD – top-down MAED model - Model for Analysis of Energy Demand

  29. Visibility, public awareness … hard to measure!

  30. 2nd NEEAP

  31. Approach in (re)definition of measures: Synergy

  32. Existing buildings: key issue in 2nd NEEAP • National plan for renovation of residential buildings • 149.38 million square meters of useful surfaces • 1% renovated annually (1.5 million m2) • Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund • National plan for renovation of public buildings • 9.58 million square metres of useful surfaces • 5% renovated annually (479,000 m2) • HBOR and ESCO market • National plan for renovation of commercial buildings • 32.80 million square meters of useful surface • 3% renovated annually (0.98 million m2) • HBOR and ESCO market

  33. 2nd NEEAP: other important areas • Energy sector • Oil, gas, electricity and heat • Further strengthening of energy performance of buildings regulation • Financial aid to physical persons (thermal insulation, RES, appliances, vehicles) • Industrial energy efficiency network • Transport! • Eco-driving • Public transport – infrastructure development • E-mobility • Obligation scheme for suppliers • To be proposed?

  34. Challenges in implementing NEEAPs • Further legal developments • EED transposition! • Implementing capacities • Capacities in competent ministry • Implementing institutions • Monitoring and evaluation • M&V system • Co-financing • Dispersed not programmed • Commercial banks • Entrepreneurship • EE not recognised as business interest • Underdeveloped ESCO market

  35. Cost-optimal levels in Historical Towns!?

  36. For the Discussion • How much energy do we need? • How muchof energy efficiency potential is still to grasp? • And why is energy efficiency so hard to pursue? • Is it more costly to invest on energy or energy efficiency? • What is the worrying trend? (Energy consumption, population growth, life style improvement) • What have we learnt from the past? • Energy is too cheap to be worth saving • Time consuming and delivered in small packages • Behavioural change • The more you consume the cheaper it gets • Energy efficiency has improved (for example for fridges by 75%) • Size of average unit increased & Ownership has dramatically increased

  37. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing - FER • FER-ZG LivingLab:SmartCity Zagreb • STRATEGIC GOALS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FER: • SAFE, CLEAN AND EFFICIENT ENERGY with emphasis on: renewable energy, advanced energynetworks, energy efficiency and ecology; information and communication technology to manageenergy systems and their efficiency; • SMART INTEGRATED TRANSPORTATION, ADAPTED TO ENVIRONMENT with emphasis on: electricand hybrid vehicles, intelligent systems for managing vehicles and traffic, communicationsinfrastructure and services in the transportation systems;

  38. Thank you for attention! Prof.dr.sc. Željko Tomšić University of ZagrebFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing

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