Unit one

1. Unit one Creating a Nation “History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. History is who we are and why we are the way we are.”

2. Q1:Analyze the Native American cultures before the arrival of European settler in Mesoamerica. • Earliest Americans • Folsom Discoveries • George McJunkin, New Mexico • J.D. Figgins • What is a civilization? • Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica • The Olmec and Maya • Anthropologists think first people to build civilization in America were Olmec • Olmec culture emerged between 1500 and 1200 BC near Veracruz Mexico • Olmec culture lasted until 300 B.C. and ideas spread throughout Mesoamerica influencing many different peoples • Around A.D. 200 Teotihuacan influence spread, Mayan culture emerged in Yucatan peninsula and expanded into control and southern Mexico • The Toltec and the Aztec • Despite frequent were the Mayan people thrived until 900s A.D. when their cities were abandoned for no reason in Yucatan • Mayan cities in highlands of what is today Guatemala flourished for several more centuries until 1500s • Meantime people known as Toltec began building city called Tula • A.D. 1200, Tula fell to northern invaders known as Chichimec, one group was known as the Mexica

3. Q2: Analyze the Native American cultures of North America before European settlers. • North American Cultures • Hohokam • AD 300 in south central Arizona • Elaborate canals • Grew large crops of corn, beans, squash • Decorative pottery • Ended around 1300’s • Anasazi • AD 700 and 800 • 850 to 1100 Chaco Canyon • Pueblo Bonito • AD 1130 • Adena and Hopewell • 1000 BC to AD 200 Adena • 100 BC to 400 AD Hopewell • Mississippian • Cahokia

4. Q3:Differentiate the Native American by region at the time of the European’s arrival. • North American Native Americans By Region • Eastern Woodlands • Major Names • Algonquian • Iroquoian • Slash and burn • Longhouses • Wigwams • Government • Southeast • Choctaw , Creek, Natchez and Chickasaw • Lived in towns • Hunted deer, bear, wildfowl, and alligators • War town and Peace town • Southwest • Zuni, Hopi, and Pueblo • Corn, Squash, Beans • Kachina cult • 1500s Apache and Navajo came to region • Central Plains • Pacific Coast • Neotkas, Chinook, Salish, Tlingit, Haida, Kwakiutls • Range spanned southeaster Alaska to Washington state • Housing and food • Far North

6. Q4: Describe the Viking and Spanish exploration of North America, discussing the impact of Europeans on Native Americans. • European Exploration • Reasons for Exploring • First European on American soil • A.D. 1001 Leif Ericsson • Spain sends Columbus West • Ptolemy’s Geography • Bartolommeo Dias • First Voyage • Mistaken Location • Later Voyages • Spain Claims America • Line of Demarcation • Treaty of Tordesillas • Other Explorers • Juan Ponce de Leon • Ferdinand Magellan • Hernan Cortes • Francisco Pizzaro • Francisco Vasquez de Cornado

8. Q5: Explain the difference between English and French settlements, critiquing the success of the Plymouth and Jamestown colonies • French Empire in America • France Explores America • Giovanni de Verrazano • Jacques Cartier • New France is Founded • Life in New France • New France Expands • Exploring the Mississippi River • Settling Louisiana • Rivalry with Spain • English Colonies in America • England Takes Interest in America • Reformation Divides Europe • Reformation Changes England • Economic Changes in England • England Returns to America • Gilbert and Raleigh • Lost Colony of Roanoke • Jamestown is Founded • Early troubles • Tobacco Saves Colonies • First Assembly • Head rights Lure settlers • Plymouth Colony • 1620, November-Cape Cod • Puritans • Separatists • Wampanoag

9. Q6: Differentiate the structures of the New England, Middle and Southern colonies. • Thirteen Colonies • New England • Colonies • Farming • Society • Triangular Trade • Middle Colonies • Colonies • Farming • Society • Southern Colonies • Colonies • Farming • Society • Land Crisis • Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion

10. Q8: Define mercantilism, explaining the impact of the Navigation Acts on the American economy. • Mercantilism • Reasons for Mercantilism • Pro and Con • Navigation Acts 1660 • Staple Act 1663 • Problems with Enforcement • Dominion of New England • Challenging Puritan Church

11. Q9: Describe how the ideas of the Great Awakening and Enlightenment further increased American dissent with England. • Glorious Revolution • James II vs. Parliament • Catholic heir and coming of William and Mary • William and Mary crowned • English Bill of Rights • Enlightenment • John Locke • Two Treatises of Government • Essay on Human Understanding • Jean Jacques Rousseau • Social Contract • Baron de Montesquieu • Spirit of Laws • Great Awakening • Jonathan Edwards • George Whitefield • Legacy

12. Q10: Explain how the French and Indian War became a catalyst for the events that led to the American Revolution. • French and Indian War • Turbulent Relationship • Proclamation Act 1763 • Toleration Act of 1763 • Custom Duties • Exports • Sugar Act 1764 • Quartering Act 1765 • Stamp Act 1765 • Reaction to British Taxation • Sons of Liberty • Stamp Act Congress • Declaration of Rights and Grievances • Townshend Acts 1767 • Boston Massacre • Gaspee Affair • Committees of Correspondence • Tea Acts • Boston Tea Party • Coercive Acts • First Continental Congress • Second Continental Congress • Lexington and Concord and Minute Men • Declaration of Independence

13. Firing A Musket

14. Q11:Explain the American military strategies during the Northern and Southern campaigns of the American Revolution. • Northern Campaign • Battle of Bunker Hill • Battle of Boston • Battle of New York • Southern Campaign • Battle of Charlestown • Battle of Savannah • Battle of Kings Mountain • Battle of Cowpens • Battle of York Town • Ending of War • Treaty of Paris 1783

15. Q12: Identify any themes found in the new state constitutions, comparing them to the Articles of Confederation. • The Young Nation • New State Constitutions • Republican Ideas Spread • Revolution Changes Society • Weak Central Government • Articles of Confederation • Pros vs. Cons • Shays Rebellion

16. Q13: Analyze the problems with the Articles of Confederation, explaining how the problems were resolved in the Constitution. • Pre-Constitutional Convention • Annapolis Convention • Goals of Constitutional Convention • James Madison • Debate and Compromise

17. Q14: Critique the arguments in the fight for the Constitution. • Federalists • Proponents of Constitution • Leaders • Ideology • Anti-Federalists • Opponents of Constitution • Leaders • Ideology • Battle States