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Determining Diet

Determining Diet. Spring. Autumn. Micronutrients. Se Co Mo Tanzania Lick 2.3 0.3 2.9 Topsoil 1.7 23 5.1 Peru Lick 0.5 13 0.7 Topsoil 0.2 13 0.7 Mills et al J Zool 2007. Natural Salt Licks. Carnivores

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Determining Diet

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  1. Determining Diet

  2. Spring Autumn

  3. Micronutrients SeCoMo Tanzania Lick 2.3 0.3 2.9 Topsoil 1.7 23 5.1 Peru Lick 0.5 13 0.7 Topsoil 0.2 13 0.7 Mills et al J Zool 2007. Natural Salt Licks

  4. Carnivores Dietary Challenge?

  5. Herbivores Dietary Challenge? berries Other plant Conifer needles Beans/seeds Grass, tubers cacti

  6. Foregut fermenters Ruminants Hindgut fermenters Cervidae Bovidae

  7. Forbs Browse Grasses

  8. Grass Browse (shrub) Forb Antilocapra americana Availability Diet Preference

  9. Measuring nitrogen In food In feces Bighorn ewe mass gain Fecal Nitrogen Change in Grouse Density Nitrogen (% dry matter)

  10. Nitrogen in urine? Urea: Creatinine Ratio When is excess urea produced? Protein in diet

  11. Preference Protein concentration Ca oxalate Concentration Javelina Example of Dietary Trade offs–

  12. Assessing Condition 8% protein diet 16% protein diet

  13. Body condition – Ungulate rumps

  14. Furcula “wishbone” fat Kidney fat Bone marrow fat

  15. KFI = Fat/Kidney X 100 Fat deposition can begin during summer in bucks but may be delayed 2 to 3 months in does because of the extreme energy demands placed on does by lactation The most appropriate application of fat indices is interpreting area differences within the same season and year or yearly differences within the same area and season

  16. Measuring Stress - Adrenals and Stress Hormones Fecal corticoids Free Ranging Captive Adrenal glands Terio et al. 2004

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