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Central Dogma Notes

Central Dogma Notes. What do we know?. DNA DNA is the genetic information Proteins structure made up of amino acids held together by peptide bonds all living organisms are built out of proteins enzymes control chemical reactions DNA is the instructions for making proteins.

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Central Dogma Notes

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  1. Central Dogma Notes

  2. What do we know? DNA DNA is the genetic information Proteins structure made up of amino acids held together by peptide bonds all living organisms are built out of proteins enzymes control chemical reactions DNA is the instructions for making proteins The Central Dogma

  3. What do we know? DNA DNA is in the nucleus want to keep it there = protected “locked in the vault” Proteins made by a “protein factory” in cytoplasm made by ribosomes Need to get gene (DNA) information from nucleus to cytoplasm need a “messenger” to bring out a copy of DNA RNA! nucleus The Central Dogma

  4. RNA is… RNA differences “Ribonucleic Acid” A nucleic acid VERY similar to DNA 3 major parts: Sugar, Phosphate & Nitrogenous Bases Single Stranded Sugar = Ribose 4 Nitrogenous Bases Guanine + Cytosine Adenine + URACIL NO Thymine in RNA The Central Dogma

  5. Types of RNA mRNA (Messenger) **Gets copy of gene from DNA & takes it into cytoplasm tRNA (Transfer) **Carries amino acids (protein parts) to ribosomes in cytoplasm rRNA (Ribosomal) **Reads message and assembles amino acids into proteins The Central Dogma

  6. Thinking Time! • In available space on your note-taking sheet, 1. write two differences between DNA & RNA AND 2. Write the name and function of one type of RNA.

  7. DNA  RNA Known as TRANSCRIPTION Getting DNA’s message DNA in nucleus “unzips” RNA copies ONE strand of DNA (base order) mRNAleaves nucleus through nuclear pores with instructions for building proteins from DNA Needs a reader and pieces! Other RNA types!!! The Central Dogma RNA

  8. RNA Proteins Known as TRANSLATION Proteins built from instructions on mRNA mRNA leaves nucleus goes to ribosomes (rRNA) in cytoplasm “The reader”  decodes DNA message in 3 letter “chunks” called codons GGG  Glycine (amino acid) CAC  (amino acid) tRNA brings the pieces to rRNA “The transporter”  brings right amino acids to add to protein The Central Dogma RNA

  9. aa aa aa aa aa ribosome rRNA tRNA aa aa aa aa aa aa From DNA to protein cytoplasm nucleus translation transcription DNA mRNA protein body

  10. Time for Review… • List three types of RNA. • Name ONE difference between RNA and DNA. • Contrast translation and transcription. • Name the following amino acids: • ACC • UCG • CCG • GAG

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