Central Dogma, Expanded!

1. Central Dogma, Expanded! Sept. 16, 2004 Chapters 13, 14 & 15 for details

2. RNA transcript DNA mRNA Polypeptides change of scale change of scale + extra cellular factors Central Dogma plus … System Effects

3. Cartoon of Central Dogma

4. Eukaryotes • Chromosome uncoiling • DNA promoter identified and activated • RNA polymerase introduced • RNA synthesis (primary transcript, hnRNA) • 5’ Cap added • poly-A tail added • Splicing of introns, linking exons • Transport to cytoplasm • Initial ribosome binding – mAUG – • Completion of ribosome and second codon • Synthesis of polypeptide • Post translational modification/transport to functional form and place

5. Nuclear RNA Processing - origin

6. Nuclear RNA Transcription - end

7. “Exon Choice” RNA Transcript Processing

8. Intron Removal Note: different snRNAs connect different places in splicing – including across exons – so exons may be excised along with introns (“exon choice”) MultiplesnRNPs

9. Translation to ER

10. Regulatory RNAs (introns +?) siRNA “silencing RNA” iRNA “interference RNA” ???? Types of RNA in Eukaryote

11. Flies and Mice Each Region has differentpatterns of gene regulation!

12. Developmental Patterns in Plants 23-44