Kingdom Fungi

1. 1 Kingdom Fungi

2. 2 Fungi come in many shapes and sizes and can grow almost anywhere!! Mycology

3. Characteristics 3 eukaryotic Singled celled heterotrophic multicellular absorption Most reproduce Sexually Asexually Cell wall …chitin Spores Spores

4. Bodies made of hyphae (mycelium) 4

5. 5 Made of Chitin (a carbohydrate)

6. 6 Modes of Nutrition Heterotrophic Absorption Saprotrophs Parasitic

7. Three fungal lifestyles: 7 • A fungus that feeds ondeadorganic matter is asaprotroph. • Fungi that get their nutrients from living organisms do so in avarietyof ways but can be put into two broad categories. • If there is some benefit toboththe fungus and the other organism, the fungi aremutualistic. • Where there is no benefit to the other organism, the fungus is aparasite.

8. 8 • Cattle, like other some other animals such as goats, deer, and giraffes, have billions of microbes inside their guts which help them digest their food • The large microbe is a type of protist. • The creature that looks like a tadpole attached to the side of the protist is a fungal spore. • The smaller, rod-shaped beasts lining the underside of the protist are bacteria.

9. Associations between fungi and plants 9 • Mycorrhizaeare symbiotic relationships between fungi and plant roots (the term means literally 'fungus root'). • Perhaps more than 80% of the species of higher plants have these relationships

10. Lichens • Mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an algae (or a photosynthetic bacteria).

11. 10 •  Parasitic fungi • Some species are predatoryfungi that live in the soil and ensnare animals such as nematodes (roundworms) in a loop of hyphae.  • Human-Athletes foot, ringworm

12. 11 Fungi are important decomposers in the environment Nutrient RECYCLERS

13. 12 Reproductive structures • Spores • Sexual & asexual Each spore has the potential to generate another individual of the species.

14. Spores can be spread out (dispersed) by wind, water, & animals.

15. 13 “Sac Fungi”

16. 14 “True Fungi”

17. Mushroom: Purpose=reproduction 15

18. 16 “Molds and Mildews”

19. Usefulness of Fungi • Fungi are valuable economically as a • Antibiotics, vitamins • various industrially important chemicals, such as • Acetone, Enzymes • fermentation processes, as in the production of • alcoholic beverages, vinegar, cheese, bread dough • Extremely important in soil renewal, through • the decompositionof organic matter 17

20. Yeasts • single cells, produce daughter cells either by buddingorbybinary fission • the common baker's yeast- Saccharomyces cerevisiae 18

21. 19

22. 20 The antibacterial effect of penicillinwas discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929. He noted that a fungal colony had grown on an agar plate streaked with the bacterium and had killed the bacterium

23. 21 Fairy Rings The mycelium grows in a circle and mushrooms grow on the edges of the mycelium, so the mushrooms grow in a circle! Something COOL.

24. 22 EOCT Questions

25. 23 What are the microscopic living threads that make up the body of a fungus? a) Cilia b) Flagella c) Hyphae d) Spores

26. Yeasts are a type of 24 a) Algae b) Bacteria c) Fungi d) Protozoan

28. Fungi Video